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What were the consequences of the Berlin Blockade? - Coggle Diagram
What were the consequences of the Berlin Blockade?
broad agreement
USSR would take reparations from Germany
Poland's border moved to the west to the Oder-Neisse River
Berlin was divided into four zones administered by an ally; France, UK, USA, USSR
the Grand Alliance agreed to de-Nazify, demilitarise, and democratise Germany
the country was divided into four zones administered by an ally; France, UK, the USA, USSR
governing Germany would be the job of the Allied Control Council
Germany wasn't required to sign a treaty since no meetings took place to discuss what to do with Germany, everyone took different approaches to Germany, there were few joint decisions
aims of Britain, France and the USA
knew a humiliating and punitive peace treaty would only create resentment and leaf to the wish for revenge
the German economy needed to recover since it was vital for Europe and the USA saw it as a good market for American goods.
aims of the Soviet Union
had been invaded twice, in 1914 and 1941, wanted to weaken them so they weren't a threat anymore
Germany left with no industrial resources, equipment taken back to USSR, 20 billion dollars in reparations
Grand alliance splits apart, 1947-1948
in 1945 USA turned down a Soviet request for loan to cover cost of occupying the easter zone in Germany
single economic units called Bizone, by Britain and US, and Trizone by France, were made and Stalin was worried that the weastern powers didn't want to agree on future of Germany
The Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers met in 1947 but no agreements were made, three western powers agreed to unite the zones politically
USA made Marshall Aid available to Germany, Stalin stoped and searched all freight shipments into West Berlin
in June 1948 western powers introduced a brand new currency in all four German zones, the Soviets refused to use this
Berlin Blockage and Berlin Airlift
Stalin reacted to the allies helping Germany recover economically and supplying them goods under the Marshall Aid and Plan and creating West Germany by cutting off West Berlin by water, road, rail and turning off gas and electricity to force the western powers out of the city so he could have the city under Soviet control
Berlin lacked basic goods, medicine and fuels. Britain, the USA, France agreed not to give in and promised to supply the West Berliners with supplies from the air
Soviets didn't dare to shot a plane scared of sparking a military response, Soviets tried to block radio signals but it didn't work, finally Stalin lifted the blockage in May 1949
the blockade was over and it ended the Grand Alliance, the division of Europe was compelte and the Iron Curtain in place
NATO
In April 1949, west European government asked the USA for military commitment to Europe
Truman agreed to join and lead the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation of NATO
it contained the US, Britain, France, Canada, Italy, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Portugal, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg
one central purpose, an armed attack against one would be considered an attack on wall, it was collective security
In April 1949 the Federal Republic of Germany, known as West Germany was created with the Americans, British and French zones, a new constitution was made and elections were held
Soviets created the new German Democratic Republic, known as East Germany the government was in hands of Socialist Unity Patry
West Germany joined NATO with the condition it wouldn't have any atomic bombs
Warsaw pact
in May 1955 the Warsaw Pact was made to resist an attack in the Soviet bloc by the USA or it's NATO allies
it contained USSR, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, East Germany and Albania
29 August 1949 the USSR exploded its first atomic bomb, the USA no longer had a monopoly of nuclear bombs