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Chemistry SDL Notes 19th August - Coggle Diagram
Chemistry SDL Notes 19th August
Matter
Matter is defined as anything that occupies Mass and Volume.
There is distinct Matter that has only one type of element. This type of Matter is known as
Elements
. The Smallest unit of an element is The
Atom
.
For Example: The Element Oxygen only has Oxygen atoms. The Element Cesium only has Cesium Atoms. The Element Lead only has Lead Atoms, etc.
Element
There are 118 Elements known to Mankind today. These Elements cannot be further broken down and are in their purest form. All these Elements are listed in a Table known as The
Periodic Table
.
The Periodic Table
The Periodic Table separates Elements into 18 periods (rows), and 8 groups (columns)
Each Element in the Periodic table has been given a symbol to denote their name. This is not their English name, but their Latin name. For Example, The Latin Word for Gold is "Aurum", hence Gold is denoted as "AU".
The Group that an Element is in determines the number of Electrons in it's Valence shell. For Example, Oxygen is in Group 6, it has 6 Electrons in it's Valence Shell.
The Period that an Element is in determines the number of Shells in the Atom. For Example, Hydrogen is in Period 1, hence it has 1 Shell
Molecules
Atoms that are bonded together.
For Example, in 1 Oxygen Molecule, there are 2 Oxygen Atoms bonded together to form 1 Oxygen Molecule.
Molecules cannot be further broken down by chemical means
Compounds
A Mixture of Elements in a specified ratio.
Examples include Water, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrochloric Acid, etc.
Atom
Each Atom is comprised of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons. Protons have a Positive Charge (+), Electrons have a negative Charge (-), and Neutrons have a Neutral Charge.
Shells
Shells are Orbits made for Electrons to revolve around an Atom's Nucleus
The Octet Theory
Made by famous scientist Niels Bohr, this theory states that an atom must have 8 Electrons in its Valence shell to achieve stability. If there are not 8 Electrons in its Valence shell, The Atoms has to undergo a process known as
Bonding
.