Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Austin - Period 7 - Coggle Diagram
Austin - Period 7
Chapter 4, Section 1 - Railroads transformed the economy and the geography of the United States in the late 1800s
Along with the expansion of railroads came consolidation. Consolidation is the practice of combining separate companies.
Railroad building grew tremendously in the last half of the 1800s.By 1900 the United States already had about 193,000 miles (310,603 km) of railroad track.
Chapter 4, Section 2 - New technologies began a transformation of society that has helped shape the world we live in today.
Telegrams offered almost instant communication over long distances. This was a huge improvement over written communications delivered by hand.
Between 1860 and 1890, the government granted more than 400,000 patents for new inventions. A patent gives someone the right to make an invention without others copying it.
By 1910 Americans in cities drove cars through streets lit with electric lights. They also went to department stores where they could buy everything from shoes to kitchen sinks.
Chapter 4, Section 3 - Industrial expansion was made possible in part by the development of new business practices and organizations.
The rise of corporations helped fuel industry in the late 1800s. Railroads were the first to form corporations. Manufacturing firms, banks, and other businesses followed.
With the economy growing after the Civil War, many businesses looked for ways to expand. To do so, entrepreneurs had to raise capital in the form of money.
New technology and transportation allowed business leaders in the country to tap its rich supply of natural resources. This continued the shift in the United States from an economy based on farming to one based on industry.
Chapter 4, Section 4 - Industrialization created a large group of workers and also difficult working conditions.
Chapter 5, Section 1 - Immigrants to the United States brought with them the cultural heritage of their homelands.
Chapter 5, Section 2 - Immigrants and rural Americans migrated to the rapidly growing cities for jobs and opportunity.
Chapter 5, Section 3 -The culture of a society changes over time and reflects the beliefs and values of that society.
By 1914 most states required children to have at least some schooling. More than 80 percent of all children between the ages of 5 and 17 were enrolled in school.
Colleges and universities changed as well. The 1862 Morrill Act gave states land they could sell to raise money. States used these funds to start schools called land-grant colleges.
The number of public high schools increased from 100 in 1860 to 12,000 in 1914. Despite this increase, many teenagers did not attend high school.
Chapter 6, Section 1 - Individuals and groups worked to remedy what they believed were unjust and unfair conditions and policies.
- 4 more items...
In 1870 one of four Americans lived in a community of 2,500 or more people. By 1910 nearly half of them lived in an urban area..
The rapid growth of cities led to some serious problems. The biggest problem was that all the filth acted as a breeding ground for quickly spreading diseases
A growing network of railroads fed city growth. Railroads helped move people and raw materials for industry.
Immigration to the United States shifted in the late 1800s. Before 1865, most immigrants other than enslaved Africans had came from northern and western Europe.
Many people left their homelands because of economic hardship. In Italy and Hungary, people faced overcrowding and poverty.
In the mid-1880s, large groups of new immigrants began arriving from eastern and southern Europe. Greeks, Russians, Hungarians, Italians, Turks, and Poles were among the newcomers.
Because of the difficult working conditions, dissatisfied workers organized into groups to demand better pay and working conditions. These groups were called labor unions.
Economic depressions in the 1870s and the 1890s hit working people hard. After a financial panic in 1873, for example, many companies cut costs by forcing workers to take pay cuts.
Industrial growth created jobs. However, People often worked in unsafe and unhealthful conditions.
Railroads carried raw materials such as iron ore, coal, and timber to factories. They moved manufactured goods from factories to markets.