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Organization of the Human Body -Katherine Contreras…
Organization of the Human Body -Katherine Contreras Period 6
planes and sections of the body
planes are used to divide the body and its parts, which allow you to describe the body.
saggital plane:lengthwise cut-divides body into left and right positions
frontal plane:sideways cut- divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
transverse plane;divides the body into superior and inferior portions
oblique plane;any diagonal section
midsaggital plane:plane that divides the body into equal left and right sections
directional terms
standard anatomical position: the point of reference,standing,arms to the sides,palms forward,as well as feet and head.
anatomical position is for reference
Superior. toward the head.
Inferior. Lower on the body, farther from the head.
Dorsal. to the back
Ventral. Belly side.
Medial. toward the midline.
Lateral. away from the midline.
Proximal. closer to the trunk of the body.
Distal. Farther from the trunk of the body.
superficial:on the surface
deep/ internal:deep or away from surface
body cavities
:a fluid filled space inside the body that protects internal organs
The 2 large Cavities are the Axial & appendicular(lower) cavities , break down into smaller cavities
axial cavities include: cranial cavity,vertebral cavity(spinal cord),& thoratic cavity(heart,lungs,& mediastrum)
appendicular cavities: abdominopelvic,liver,spleen,gallbladder,kidneys,ith most intestines.The pelvic portion: end of large intestines,urinary bladder,& internal reproductive organs
diaphragm separates thoratic and abdominopelvic cavities
levels of organization
Chemical;atoms combine together to form molecules,molecules combine with atoms to form macro molecules
organelle level- live in cells
cellular level-smallest units that have characteristics of life :a body has up to 100 trillion cells
tissue level-muscle tissue,nervous tissue,epithelial tissue,&connective tissue
organ level:made up of tissues ex.heart,lungs,etc
system level-ex.respiratory,cardiovascular,&reproductive
all major body systems
integumentary: nails,hair,skin,sweat
skeletal: bones,ligaments,& cartilage
muscular:muscles
nervous:brain,spinal cord,nerves,& sense organs
endocrine:(hormones)thyroid,parathyroid,pineal,thymus glands,pancreas,ovaries,and testes
cardiovascular:heart,blood vessels,and blood
lymphatic:lymphatic vessels,lymph nodes,thymus,spleen,and lymph(fluid)
digestive:mouth,tongue,teeth,pharynx,esophagus,stomach,intestines,and accessory organs
respiratory :lungs,nasal cavities,pharynx,larynx,trachea,branchi
male reproductive:testes,scrotum,hormones,vesicles,prostate gland,penis,urethra
female reproductive:ovaries,uterine tubes,uterus vagina,clitoris,vulva
homeostasis and feedback loops
Homeostasis:regulates body temperature,stabilizes internal environment to remain stable.Regulated through homeostasis mechanisms
receptors:detects and monitors types of changes
set point: the normal range
effectors :muscles/glands that respond to changes according to internal environment stability
negative feedback;when receptors detect that a variable has changed from set point and effectors stabilize the internal environment once again
positive feedback: produce unstable conditions for a short amount of time to bring homeostasis