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PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF PANAMA - Coggle Diagram

- - - - VOLCANTISINGAL-COLORADO
        With volcanic activity during the Pleistocene. According to radiometric dating (K / Ar), the age of this volcano is between 1.66 ± 0.49 Ma. And 1.18 ± 0.40 Ma. (UTP-CEPREDENAC, 1992 a).
        It has been determined that after its formation, a tectonic activity of a distensive type was verified, evidenced by the deposits of debris avalanches observed in the southern sector. In the Cotito-Los Pozos area, it is observed that the Fila del Colorado (SW of the Colorado Volcano), is formed by huge blocks from the volcanic apparatus itself.
        
        CERRO PANDO
        Located west of the Barú Volcano are the hills known as Silla de Pando and Cerro Pando. Both correspond to the domes known as "Domos del Pando". The Cerro Pando dome has approximate dimensions of 1.5 x 2.0 km, with a height of 1756 meters above sea level.
        Its location had a displacement towards the south, with a behavior similar to a very viscous lava flow. As a consequence of several eruptions, the dome is cut in its central-southern part by an E-W direction fault.
        
        VOLCAN BARU
        The materials of the first Barú cycle closely resemble the materials of the Colorado Volcano, which suggests the hypothesis that a displacement of the volcanic conduit from Colorado to Barú was verified.
        The analysis of the historical, petrographic, petrological and chemical information of the materials emitted by the Barú, as well as of the stratigraphic sections, allow to determine the types of activity that characterized this volcano. (UTP- CEPREDENAC, 1992a).
        The information available on the different types of eruptions and materials, together with the main characteristics, has been summarized by UTP-CEPREDENAC, 1992a and is detailed below:
        
        Pyroclastic flows
        
        Phreatomagmatic eruptions
        
        Surge deposits
        
        Fissure Rash
        
        Domes
        
        Fall Pyroclasts
        
        Lava flows
        
        Rubble Avalanche: A portion of the Barú volcanic cone slipped due to geomorphological transformation processes and violent eruptions that truncated the cone and formed a large semicircular central depression that took the shape of a horseshoe open to the west when large portions of the crater slid away in an avalanche debris.
        These slipped portions form the hills that are found in the surroundings of Hato de Volcán. Among these hills are the Macho de Monte, Cerro Pon la Olla, Potrero de Piedra, etc.
        
        Periods of Recurrence of Eruptions From 15 14C samples obtained from wood fragments inside a lahar that buried a forest (Stewart, 1986) and from charcoal remains from a hearth from two indigenous villages that were buried due to an ash eruption (Linares et al, 1975) give ages that fluctuate between the 60s BC until 1210 A.D. However, there are no reports during the historical period on activity from the Barú Volcano.
        Therefore no estimates can be made on the period of recurrence of volcanic activity.
        
        Relief It is 100 percent tropical with temperatures ranging between 26 and 30 ° C throughout the year. There are two seasons, a dry one with bright sunshine, from December to April and a rainy one from May to November.
        You can also enjoy temperatures of up to 12 and 15 ° Celsius in the highlands of the Chiriquí Province, near the border with Costa Rica. Also in the Valle de Antón and Cerro Azul, an hour and a half and 40 minutes from the center of Panama City respectively.
        
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- - - - The fauna is home to numerous and magnificent species that inhabit the Panamanian jungles.
        It is recognized worldwide for the abundance of monkeys, pumas, jaguars, ocelots, armadillos, wild pigs, anteaters, rabbits, deer and other native animals of the American tropics. We found more than 1 000 different species of birds, including migratory ones that stop in Panama. The quetzal, the macaw and the Harpy Eagle make their nests in this country.
        
        It also has a rich marine life, being bathed by the two Oceans, the Pacific and the Atlantic, abundant in its waters lobsters, shrimp, clams and different fish such as merlin, sailfish, swordfish, tuna, dorado, bonito, corvina, barracuda, blue shark, sardine, snapper and sawfish among other species.
        
        The average annual rainfall in Panama is the highest in the Central American isthmus, varying between 1,100 and 5,500 mm, with an annual average of 3,094 mm / year. Average annual temperature The average annual temperature is estimated between 21 ° and 22 ° C, although at night it can drop to 16 ° C.