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THE DIVISIONS OF GEOGRAPHY - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The contents of these four "spheres" are considered natural or "physical"; within them we do not include human groups (object of study of Human Geography or, in its evolution over time, of History), which develop in that physical environment with which they interact.
        
        We will talk about the physical environment as if the human being had not intervened in it, but it is obvious that their actions have been able to modify the vegetation, the coasts, the soils, the dynamics of erosion and even the climate.
        It is subdivided into Geomorphology, climatology, soil geography, hydrogeography, biogeography (phytogeography and zoogeography), The branches of geography most affected by the changes are Geomorphology, Climatology, Urban geography, Regional geography, spatial planning and economic geography .
      - The climate tends to be regular over very long periods of time, even geological, largely determining the evolution of the geographical cycle of a region, which allows the development of a certain vegetation and a perfectly balanced soil, climatic soils.
        But, in geological periods of time, the climate also changes naturally, the types of time change and one passes from one climate to another in the same area.
        Time and climate take place in the atmosphere. To study a climate, observation is necessary for a long period of time (minimum fifteen years). Observations of temperature, precipitation, humidity and type of weather are collected from meteorological stations. With these data, tables are prepared that are expressed in climates.
      - Biogeography is an interdisciplinary science, so that although formally it is a branch of Biology, and within it of Ecology, it is also part of Geography, receiving part of its foundations from specialties such as Climatology and other Sciences of the earth.
        
        The distribution of living beings is the result of biological evolution and the dispersal of the strains, of the global and regional climatic evolution, and of the evolution of the distribution of lands and seas, mainly due to the vicissitudes of orogenesis. and continental displacement.
        Biogeography is a historical science, that is, it deals with the study of systems whose evolution has followed a unique trajectory, which must be studied specifically, and its knowledge cannot be obtained deductively from general principles.
- - - - The raw material that man uses to satisfy his basic needs is the natural space, which man modifies and puts his mark on, but it is not a neutral mark, but always appears ordered, organized by specific agents based on interests and concrete values.
    - - Fields of Human Geography
        Fields of Human Geography - Related Fields
        Economic Geography - Economics
        Cultural Geography - Anthropology
        Social Geography - Sociology
        Historical Geography - History
        Rural Geography - Agronomy
        Environmental Geography - Environmental Studies
        Medical Geography - Medicine and Health
        Political Geography - Political Science
        Strategic Geography - Geostrategy
        Urbanism - Architecture.
- - - - Defining what is rural geography, or the rural world, is as difficult as defining what a city is, since until not long ago there are fully urban functions, such as banking services. On the other hand, today's cities tend to invade the previously clearly rural space, with the construction of residences and dedication to part-time agriculture. Thus, an intermediate zone of difficult delimitation is created.
        
        Postmodern Geography appears before the deep crises of the Marxist approach in Geography and the need to revalue the spatial questions that had been left aside in studies that can be considered sociological.
        
        The Geography of Perception, which was initiated by David Lowenthal within phenomenological perspectives, establishes a necessary relationship between geographical analyzes and psychological processes, especially with those that refer to conduct or behavior, starting from the basis that "the Man's uniqueness lies in his particular way of perceiving reality and that this conditions his spatial behavior ".
        
        The so-called geography of the genre contributed important contributions. It, also known as feminist geography, is defined as one that "examines the ways in which socioeconomic, political and environmental processes create, reproduce and transform not only the places where we live but also the social relations between the men and women who live there. and, in turn, it also studies how gender relations have an impact on these processes and their manifestations in space and in the environment.