Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Depression is a mood disorder that is a widespread issue, ranking high…
Depression is a mood disorder that is a widespread issue, ranking high among causes of disability.
Major Depressive Disorder
Symptoms must last for more than 2 weeks and occur for most of the day to be considered MDD
Manifestations
Depressed mood
Difficulty sleeping or excessive sleeping
Indecisiveness
Decreased ability to concentrate
Suicidal ideation
Increase or decrease in motor activity
Inability to feel pleasure
Increase or decrease in weight or more than 5% of total body weight over 1 month
MDD can be further diagnosed in the DSM-5 with a more specific classification, psychotic feature or postpartum onset.
A single episode or recurrent episodes of unipolar depression resulting in a significant change in a client's normal functioning.
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Lasts at least 2 years for adults and 1 year for children
Contains at least 3 clinical findings of depression and can become major depressive disorder
Milder form of depression that usually has an early onset in childhood or adolescence
Postpartum Onset
Can include delusions
Can put newborn at high risk of being harmed by mother
A depressive episode that begins within 4 weeks of childbirth. Part of major depressive disorder
PPD is a branch of MDD
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Prevelance: 2-6% of menstruating clients
Manifestations
Mood Swings
Irritability
Depression
Anxiety
Feeling Overwhelmed
Difficulty Concentrating
Depressive disorder associated with the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
Causes problems that can be severe enough to interfere with the ability of a client to work or interact with others
Seasonal Depressive Disorder
Light therapy is the first-line treatment for SAD.
A form of depression that occurs seasonally, usually during the winter when there is less daylight.
Substance-Induced Depressive Disorder
Also associated with withdrawals from these substances
Associated with the use of drugs or alcohol
Medications Used to Treat Depression
Tricyclic antidepressants:
Amitriptyline;
Side Effects/Precautions:
orthostatic hypotension - change positions slowly - anticholinergic effects
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors:
Phenelzine;
Side Effects:
risk for hypertensive crisis - avoid all OTC drugs unless previously discussed with HCP
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs):
Citalopram, Fluoxetine, Sertraline;
Side Effects/Precautions:
nausea, headache, central nervous system stimulation - sexual dysfunction can occur - observe for serotonin syndrome - avoid concurrent use with St. John's Wort
Atypical antidepressants:
Buproprion;
Side Effects/Precautions:
headache, dry mouth, constipation, increased HR, nausea, restlessness, insomnia, weight loss - avoid administration if seizures are a risk
Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors:
Venlafaxine, Duloxetine;
Side Effects/Precautions:
nausea, insomnia, weight gain, diaphoresis, sexual dysfunction - use caution in patients who have a history of hypertension
Herbal medication:
St. John's Wort;
Side Effects/Precautions:
photosensitivity, skin rash, rapid heart rate, GI distress, abdominal pain - avoid foods containing tyramine - can increase or reduce levels of some medications if taken together
Client Care
Alternative Therapies
Electroconvulsive therapy
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Light therapy
Vagus nerve stimulation
Maintain Safe Environment
Patient Centered Care
Assess risk for suicide
Monitor the patients ability to perform activities of daily living
Milieu therapy
Relate therapeutically to the patient who is unable or unwilling to communicate
Counseling
Psychotherapy
Comorbidities/ Predisposing Factors
Psychotic disorders (schizophrenia)
Substance use disorders
Anxiety disorders
Eating Disorders
Genetics
Personality disorders