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Teapot organization, railway, government, community building +…
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railway
“Yale’s Chinese merchants . . . had . . . formed a ‘benevolent society’ by February 1883 and planned to open a hospital for the medical care of Chinese patients and those injured in railroad accidents . . .the appearance of this benevolent association was a collective response of the merchant leaders in Yale’s Chinatown to the medical discrimination against the Chinese labourers on the CPR. The association spearheaded the future efforts of Chinese merchants, especially the Chinese labor contractors of the CPR” (Chen, 302)
“the Chinese laborers cleared the way for the railroad, cut timbers for making ties, graded for laying ties and rails, used drills and hammers to cut rocks, and engaged in the most dangerous work of all: blasting rocks and opening tunnels” (Chen, 300)
“large-scale immigration from China to Canada, including that for the CPR, continued until mid-1885, just before the Canadian government was ready to impose a head tax on all Chinese immigrants at the end of the COR’s construction in British Columbia” (Chen, 298)
“when the CPR construction started in May 1880, the numbers of Chinese and white workers began at 101 and 220, respectively . . . about 150 indigenous people also engaged in the CPR’s construction from the beginning” (Chen, 298)
The Chinese were paid $1 for every $1.50 and $2.00 the white men were paid, and given the most dangerous tasks, such as using explosives to blast through tunnels” (Hui, 26)
“the Chinese immigrants to British Columbia during the CPR’s construction from May 1880 to September 1885 numbered at least 19,524, but more likely over 20,000” (Chen, 298)
government
voting
“After becoming a province in 1871, however, one of the first items on the agenda of the newly formed provincial government was to pass legislation to take away the right to vote from “native Indians” and “Chinese”” (HDCIR, 1)
“Arthur Jung registered to vote after returning home from the war, he received a letter from the City of Vancouver explaining that despite being a military veteran, he would not be allowed to register” (HDCIR, 13)
“the right to vote federally was regained by Chinese Canadians in 1947, and in municipal elections Vancouver in 1949” (HDCIR, 13-14)
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exclusion
“The 1907 Vancouver anti-Asian riots . . . brought together an array of anti-Asian organizations, as well as labour unions within the Vancouver and District Trades Labour Council . . . and many local politicians hoping to benefit from anti-Asian organizing . . . the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 . . . [aka] the Chinese Exclusion Act” (HDCIR, 3)
“Chinese Head Tax by raising the amount . . . was the direct result of lobbying from anti-Chinese and anti- Asian organizations in Vancouver, including the Klu Klux Klan” (HDCIR, 4)
segregation
“the segregating and restricting of Chinese people into geographic and physical areas began with the City’s founding in the 1880s. The visibility of Chinatown as a distinctive neighbourhood meant that it was a primary focus for attempts to create and maintain a divide” (HDCIR, 11)
“anti-Chinese activists who blamed the Chinese for being “clannish”, keeping to themselves, and unwilling or unable to “assimilate” with Canadian society . . .Claims of the “non- assimilative nature” of the Chinese people could be made alongside assertions of their inferiority, their immorality, and the need to protect whites from their threat” (HDCIR, 11)
“four broad areas in which the statutory power and governmental practices of City officials were applied in discriminatory ways against residents of Chinese ancestry . . . Voting . . . Exclusion . . .Restriction of livelihoods . . . Segregation ” (HDCIR, 2)
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businesses
restaurants
“ food businesses were vital not only to the economy of Chinatown but also to the culture it embodied . . .created valuable spaces for them to socialize and re-experience a familiar culture” (Chen, 188)
“The first Chinese men who opened [Chinese] restaurants did so in order to create jobs for themselves. Eventually they realized the restaurants created jobs for their families too” (Hui, 125)
grocers
“most of the Chinese who came to Canada in the 1800s and early 1900s left small farming villages” (JOH, 96)
“Chinese market farms helped feed growing populations in the 19th and 20th century, creating sustainable locally-sourced fresh food industries that still endure” (JOH, 96)
“The economic conditions [where Chinese men] came made them willing to submit . . .jobs their white counterparts considered to be beneath their dignity to perform” (Barman, 40)
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