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What Factors Affect Gas Exchange - Coggle Diagram
What Factors Affect Gas Exchange
SA to VL
Large surface area
Large surface area: volume ratio of the gas exchange surface. The alveoli maximise the surface area of the lungs, allowing more oxygen to diffuse at once, and increasing the efficiency of gas exchange.
Small surface area
The surface area to volume ratio of a cell must be such that the cell membrane has enough surface area to adequately serve the internal contents (volume) of the cell, including the adequate exchange of gases.
Caffine
Increased heart rate, increased breathing to get rid of CO2
Energy
The actual exchange of gases occurs due to simple diffusion. Energy is not required to move oxygen or carbon dioxide across membranes.
Male vs Females
Women may have a greater chance of experiencing pulmonary gas exchange impairment during exercise than men.
What is gas exchange?
Gas exchange is a process where carbon dioxide is relased from the lungs into the air, and oxygen is taken into the lungs from the air.
Organs
Heart
Lungs
Exercise
Increased amount of oxygen, lung volume increase and respiration rate increases per minute.
What organisms use gas exchange?
How?
the exchange occurs between the environment and the blood.
Animals
Captive vs Nature
Reptiles
Amphibians
Mammals
Insects
Invertebrates
Birds
amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
Environment
Pollution
Tiny parts of solids or liquid materials in the air or ozone, exposure can lead to cardiopulmonary responses can possibly lead to worsening ofpreexisting disease such as asthma.
Diseases
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airway. It causes the airway smooth muscle to be hyper-responsive and contract strongly when an individual exercises, is under emotional stress, is exposed to cold air, cigarette smoke, or inhaled irritants.
Weakened immune system
When the immune system attacks the area of infection, it also kills healthy alveolar cells. This results in three things that hinder gas exchange: The alveoli collapse due to loss of surfactant from Type II cells.
Multi vs Uni
SA to VL
Surface area to volume ratio decreases or increases, reducing or increasing the rate of gas exchange.
Functioning level
If there is no blood flow, no gas exchange can occur.
Smoking
Stimulates the production of mucus in the lining of the bronchi and thickens the bronchi's wall and those of the bronchioles resulting in the narrowing of the air way. Which means less air is reaching the lungs which reduces the effectiveness of gas exchange and as well as that a heavy mucus or phlegm is coughed up.