Cellular Respiration

Acytel Co. A enters the Krebs Cycle. In the process it disassociates with Coenzyme A, the resulting carbon molecule receives 3 NAD+ and 1 FAD. It then spits out 3 molecules of NADH, 1 molecule of FADH2 and 2 molecules of CO2. Lastly 1 molecule of ATP is made. This occurs a second time with the second Pyruvate molecule.

3) Electron Chain Transport

2) Pyruvate Oxidation and Krebs Cycle

1) Glycolysis

Glucose (C6H12O6)

Fructose Diphosphate

2 Adenosine Triphosphate

2 Adensine Triphosphate

ATP dephosphoraltes to provide energy for glucose to isomerate and add two phosphates to itself

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate

Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate

Pyruvate

2 NAD+

2 NADH

2 ADP

2 ATP

2 NAD+

2 NADH

2 ADP

2 ATP

2 moles of ADP are phosphoraled through substrate phosphorylation to make ATP and 2 moles of NAD+ are made into NADH with both Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate molecules

At the end of glycolysis there is an aggregate of 4 NADH+ molecules, 2 Pyruvate molecules, and a net of 2 ATP molecules. The Pyruvate molecules will travel to the mitochondrial matrix and the NADH molecules will be used in the electron transport chain phase of cellular respiration

Pyruvate

Acytel Coenzyme A

Coenzyme A

Carbon Dioxide

NAD+

NADH

Pyruvate losses its electrons with the help of Coenzyme A. Pyruvate changes to Acytel Coenzyme A and gives off CO2 and NADH

Krebs Cycle

The 6 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of FADH2 made from the Krebs Cycle are used in the electron transport chain. Each NADH molecule gives two electrons to protein complex I. The protein gets excited and allows a hydrogen ion to leave the mitochondrial matrix and go into the inner membrane space, after this is done complex I passes it electrons to Coenzyme Q. FADH2 gives two of its electrons to protein II. Protein II is excited and passes the electrons to Coenzyme Q. Because protein complex II is a peripheral protein it can not open to allow a hydrogen ion out.

Coenzyme Q takes the electrons from protein complexes I and II and sends them to protein complex III. Complex III gets excited and allows hydrogen ions to leave the mitochondrial matrix and go into the inner membrane space. Complex III then sends its electrons to Cytochrome C. And then to protein complex IV where O2 takes the electrons. In the process complex IV allows another hydrogen ion to leave the mitochondrial matrix.

The low hydrogen ion concentration in the mitochondrial matrix causes the hydrogen ions from the high hydrogen ion concentration to pass through the membrane of the matrix through ATP Synthase, a process called chemiosmosis. This converts potential energy in ATP Synthase into kinetic energy and then work. This work binds an inorganic phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate making ATP, a process called oxidative phosphorylation.

Overall,
One NADH molecule corresponds to three hydrogen protons leaving the matrix which corresponds to three molecules of ATP being made by ATP Synthase.
One FADH2 molecule corresponds to two hydrogen protons leaving the matrix which coorespods to two ATP molecules.
In aggregate there are 36 molecules of ATP made in aerobic respiration(from Pyruvate Oxidation, The Krebs Cycle, and The Electron Chain Transport) and 2 molecules of ATP made from anaerobic respiration(glycolysis)