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Infectious organisms - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Causative agent of Tuberculosis
      - Symptoms : fever, night sweats,
        weight loss and hemoptysis
    - - Leprosy or Hansen’s disease
      - Infected superficial tissues : skin,
        peripheral nerves
  - - - Staphylococcus epidermidis
        
        Normal flora
        
        Contaminates blood culture
        
        Human skin=
        
        Spectrum of infections
        
        Infects prosthetic devices
        
        hip implant
        
        heart valve
        
        IV catheter
      - Staphylococcus aureus
        
        Normal flora
        
        • Human skin
        
        • Nasopharyngeal cavity
        
        Spectrum of infections
        
        • Invasive
        
        Pneumonia : often after influenza virus infection
        
        • Infective endocarditis (IE) : infected surgical wound or contaminated IV catheters
        
        Organ abscessestext
        
        Septic arthritis
        
        Skin and soft tissue infections : folliculitis, furuncle/ carbuncles, wound infections
        
        Osteomyelitis
        
        • Exotoxin-mediated
        
        Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
        
        Food poisoning
        
        Toxic shock syndrome
      - Staphylococcus saprophyticus
        
        Normal flora
        
        Female genital tract and perineum
        
        Spectrum of infections
        
        • Urinary tract infection in young women : second most common cause
    - - Streptococcus pyogenes
        
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        Spectrum of infections
        
        Pyogenic
        
        pharyngitis
        
        impetigo
        
        cellulitis
        
        erysipelas
        
        Toxigenic
        
        Immunologic
      - Streptococcus agalactiae
        
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        Spectrum of infections
        
        Urinary tract infection in pregnant woman
        
        Neonatal septicemia
        
        sepsis,
        
        meningitis
        
        pneumonia
      - Streptococcus pneumoniae
        
        Most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in adults
        
        Spectrum of infections
        
        Pneumonia
        
        Otitis media ( in child )
        
        Meningitis
        
        Sinusitis
      - Viridans streptococci
        
        S. mutans
        
        S. mitis
        
        Spectrum of infections
        
        Dental caries
        
        Normal flora in oropharynx
  - - - Gonococci = N. gonorrhoeae
        
        Sexually or perinata transmitted
        l
        
        Gonorrhea, neonatal conjunctivitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
      - Meningococci = N. meningitide
        
        Respiratory and oral secretions
        
        Prophylaxis in close contacts
        
        Meningococcemia with petechial hemorrhages and gangrene of toes, meningitis
    - - Transmitted via ingestion of contaminated
        water or uncooked food (raw shellfish)
      - Rice-water diarrhea with severe
        dehydration
    - - Naturally a soil contaminant
      - Commonly found in moist
        environments, esp. within hospitals
- - - - HSV-1 (Herpes
        simplex virus-1)
        
        Keratoconjunctivitis, herpes labialis, encephalitis
        
        Respiratory secretions, saliva
      - HSV-2 (Herpes
        simplex virus-2)
        
        Sexual contact, perianal
        
        Herpes genitalitis, neonatal herpes
      - VZV (Varicellazoster virus)
        
        Respiratory secretions
        
        Varicella-zoster (chickenpox) Complication : shingles (post herpetic neuralgia)
      - EBV (Epstein Barr virus)
        
        Respiratory secretions, saliva;“kissing disease”(common in teens, young adults)
        
        Fever, pharyngitis, and
        lymphadenopathy (esp. posterior cervical nodes)
      - CMV (Cytomegalo virus)
        
        Congenital transfusion, saliva,urine, transplant
        
        Immunocompromised host, esp.
        pneumonia in transplant pt.; esophagitis; AIDS retinitis
      - HHV 6 & 7
        
        Salivary secretions
        
        Roseola infantum
      - HHV 8 (Human
        herpes virus 8)
        
        Sexual contact
        
        Immunocompromised host Kaposi sarcoma in HIV/AIDS and transplant patients
    - - HBV (Hepatitis B virus)
        
        Sexual contact, blood
        transfusion
        
        Acute and chronic hepatitis
    - - Adenovirus
        
        close personal contact, air
        pollution, touching an object or surface
        
        Febrile pharyngitis,
        Conjuntivitis
    - - Poxvirus
        
        Large respiratory droplets, direct contact
        with body fluids or lesion material
        
        Smallpox
        Molluscum contagiosum
    - - Sexual contact
      - Warts (type 1, 2, 6, 11),
        Cervical cancer (type 16, 18)
  - - - Rotavirus
    - - Poliovirus
        
        Polio
      - Rhinovirus
        
        Common cold
      - Coxsackievirus
        
        Hand, foot and mouth disease
    - - Dengue virus
      - Zika virus
    - - Rubella virus
      - Chikungunya virus
    - - HIV
    - - SARS-coronavirus
      - MERS-coronavirus
    - - Influenza viruses
- - - - Wuchereria bancrofti
    - - Diphyllobothrium
        latum
      - Taenia spp.
        
        Taenia solium
        
        Taenia sagginata
    - - Opisthorchis
        viverrini
  - - - Giardia lamblia
      - Entamoeba histolytica
    - - Toxoplasma gondii
    - - Plasmodium spp.
        
        P vivax/ovale
        
        P falciparum
        
        P malariae
    - - Trichomonas vaginalis
- - - - Histoplasma
        capsulatum
    - - Tinea (pityriasis) versicolor
      - Tinea (Dermatophytes)