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Kinetic Model of Matter - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Torchlight
      - Glass Cell Containing Smoke
      - Microscope
    - - Flash the torchlight onto the sealed glass cell
      - Focus the microscope so that the smoke particles will appear as bright dots. They appear as bright dots as they scatter the light which is shining on them.
      - Seal the glass cell containing the smoke and place it under the microscope.
      - Observe the motion of the smoke particles.
        
        Observations
        
        The particles will be moving in a random manner.
        
        The motion will be less agitated when the particles are larger
    - - NOTE: Brownian motion occurs ONLY in fluids. (Fluids are substances which flow or has particles which can move freely (e.g. LIQUIDS and GASES))
    - - The smoke particles were able to move randomly due to the air molecules bombarding them randomly
        
        This random motion of the smoke particles is called Brownian Motion
- - - - The particles of liquids are randomly arranged. Compared to solids, the particles have little space between them.
      - Liquids have a slightly lower number of particles per unit volume than solids. Still, they have a relatively high density.
    - - The particles of liquids are free to move about within the liquid. There are attractive forces between the particles, but, compared to solids, they are weaker, This explains why liquids have fixed volume but no fixed shape, and are not compressible
  - - - Gases have small number of particles per unit volume, which explains why they have very low densities.
      - The particles are randomly arranged and far apart from each other
    - - The particles move rapidly in all directions, frequently colliding with each other as they are only held together by weak forces of attraction. This is why gases do not have a fixed volume or a fixed shape and are very compressible
  - - - The particles of solids are closely packed together, and they are usually packed in a regular pattern. This also occupies minimal space.
      - Solids also have a high number of particles per unit volume, which explains why the have the highest densities of the 3 states.
    - - The particles vibrate about their fixed positions as they have strong attractive forces between them. This also explains why solids have fixed volumes and fixed shapes and cannot be compressed.