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GLOBALISATION, TNC (Transnational Corporations), Multiplier Effect -…

- - - - After WW2
        
        More countries joined international institutions (UN, EU)
        
        "Umbrella" global organisations are needed to prevent conflict.
        
        United Nations
        
        World Trade Organisation
        
        Most countries agree to international guidelines
        
        Citizenship
        
        Human rights
        
        In a way restricts freedom of national government to make their own social policy
      - Before WW2
        
        National government
        
        Responsible for the welfare of their own citizens
    - - 1) International Norms are established
      - 2) Ease of movement
        
        Immigration opportunities
        
        Emigration opportunities
      - 3) Ease of trade
        
        Better trade routes
        
        Supports economic globalisation
        
        Free trade agreements
        
        At the cost of vulnerable sectors
        
        Creates global "hubs"
        
        Produces certain products/services
        
        Other countries are able to produce other things
      - 4) "Solves" problems, i.e climate change
        
        Copenhagen Climate Change Conference
        
        Paris Agreement
    - - 1) Big countries shape decisions
      - ada banyak tapi gak paham
  - - - McDonalds, Mcdonaldization
      - Harry Potter!!!
    - - 1) Access to cultural products (art, music, education etc)
      - 2) Being able to understand and appreciate values from all around the world
      - 3) Quick access to information and news from anyone around the world
    - - Westernisation/cultural imperialism/cultural colonialism
      - Dangerous ideas spread faster
      - Cultural homogenisation (reduction of cultural diversity)
  - - - 1) Cheaper products and services
        
        Better availability
        
        Optimised supply chains
      - 2) Allows producers and retailers to make their markets more diverse
        
        Contributes to economic growth
      - 3) Increased competition
    - - 1) Some countries struggle to compete
      - 2) Extractive behaviour
        
        In countries with rich resources
      - 3) Social dumping
        
        Use of child labour
- - - - Ex-communist countries become democratic countries
    - - Government
        
        United Nations
        
        European Union
      - NGOs
        
        Greenpeace
        
        OXFAM
- - - - 1) Mainly benefits Europe & America, (lately) Asia but Sub Saharan Africa is left behind
        
        "Liquid Times" - Bauman
        
        "When the elite purse their goals, the poor pay the price."
      - 2) TNCs polute & exploit resources
      - 3) Mainly Americanisation
        
        Cocacolonisation
        
        Mcdonaldisation
        
        Disneyfication
      - 4) "Fortress cities"
        
        The rich hide in exclusive communities, the poor are left to the slums
      - 5) Global media
        
        Fox News : pro-American view
        
        Hollywood
        
        X-Factor
  - - - 1) More international trade = Increases wealth, education & health more most countries
      - 2) More democracy & freedom
        
        Global social movements
        
        Growth of social media
- - - - Local business improves
        
        More money in the area
        
        Services improve
        
        House prices rise
        
        More people move into the area