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Educational Technology - Coggle Diagram
Educational Technology
Chapter 1: Introduction to Educational Technology
Advantages & disadvantages
Advantages
Prepares Students for the Future
Increases Student Engagement and Motivation
Supports Differentiated Instruction
Supports Universal Design for Learning Practices
Provides Current Information and Wider Access
Improves Instructional Delivery
Immediate Formative Assessment
Disadvantages
Management
New Skills
Maintenance
Costs
Time
Definitions & Objectives
Definition of Education Technology
is also called Learning Technology
the application of technological processes and tools which can be used to solve problems of instruction and learning.
the application of scientific knowledge and learning and the conditions of learning to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and training.
Objectives of Educational Technology
to orient the learner to the importance of educational technology.
to lend familiarization on how educational technology can be utilized as the media for the teaching-learning process in the school.
to impart skills in planning, designing, using and evaluating the technology-enriched teaching learning process.
to introduce the learner to what is recognized as the third revolution in education… the COMPUTER.
to make the classrooms teaching easy, clear, interesting, effective, understandable, objective and scientific.
Characteristic & Functions
Characteristics
contributed in developing various methods, for example, micro-teaching method, simulated teaching, interaction analysis, audio-visual aids and programmed learning method.
psychology, science, technology, system, art, audio-visual aids and machines are used.
helpful in making the teaching process objective, easy, clear, interesting and scientific.
Functions
To convert behavioral objectives into the learning conditions in the context of educational objectives.
To analyze the characteristics of the learners.
To organize the contents.
To evaluate the performance of the students with reference to the achievement of educational objectives.
Importance and Need
Increasing the Effectiveness of Teaching-Learning Process
Maximizing the Output
plays an important role in improving the educational skills and knowledge of the people
It is essential, especially for those who need to improve their knowledge to achieve a successful life in the future.
manifested through the use of computers
It is a great help for teachers since they can already enhance their teaching skills and strategies every time they face their class.
It is essential for both the students and the teacher, but there are some instances wherein this technology is disadvantageous for both of them.
Traditional & Modern
Traditional VS Modern in different aspects
Meaning: instruction VS development
Aims: knowledge VS development of total personality and social efficiency
curriculum: subject-centred VS activity-centred, social efficiency
methods: rote memorization VS learning by doing, project etc.
Discipline: rigid and repressionic VS self discipline
Examination: essay type tests VS objective type tests and evaluation
Agencies: formal (school) VS Formal and both
Teacher: instructor VS friend, philosopher and guide.
Child: passive recipient VS active and dynamic
School: teaching shops VS miniature of society
Applications
uses various technological equipment’s ranging from chalkboards to computers
involves books, papers and pencils, maps, globes, film-projectors, slide-projectors, language laboratories, tape-recorders, radio, televisions, video-tape recorders and computers.
audio-visual equipment is regarded as Educational Technology, but they are only one aspect known as the hardware aspect of educational technology
But educational technology involves the use of various principles, processes, techniques and methods of education.
So the other aspect of educational technology is new methods of teaching, tested principles and practices, innovations such as programmed Learning, micro-teaching, team-teaching etc.
These aspects of educational technology are called software approach of educational technology.
Example of hardware
Flat screen monitor
Scanner
Digital camera
Smart board
LCD projector
Printer
Screen
USB ports
Portable storage
CD/DVD RW drive
Example of software
Microsoft Office:
a) Microsoft word
b) Microsoft power point
c) Microsoft Excel
d) Microsoft Publisher
Adobe Flash
Sound Vegas
Macromedia Authorware
Adobe Photoshop
iMovie
Chapter 2: Type of Educational Tools
Projected tools
Refer to those aids where a bright light is passed through a transparent picture by means of a lens and an enlarged picture is thrown or projected on the screen or the white wall.
Over Head Projector (OHP)
consists of a base area with a transparent glass covering onto which light is focused from below.
A projector lies above this base i.e. “over the head”, which magnifies the light coming from below and projects it onto the desired point.
This device is quite indispensable whenever one thinks of a presentation to be given in a class.
Advantages
very easy to handle.
No darkened room necessary
It is easy to transport
Disadvantages
Dependence on power
Straining the eyes of the learners
Digital Projector
latest in the line which come with a HDMI port that
can be used to connect the laptop or computer with them and display on a screen the slides that are available.
have a wider audience reach as compared to others
audio and video files can be played with their help.
Computers/Laptop
revolutionized the way things are done in any field including the field of education.
are vital for making presentations for learning computer programming languages and combined with the internet knowledge is right in front.
PowerPoint Slides
become a trend these days to come with a power point presentation for various tasks.
Starting from games to educational content there seems to be no dearth to the things which this app can do.
easy to make and use and students are definitely pulled towards these flashy slides.
Films Strips
can be prepared for pictures, diagrams and graphs etc., but unlike slides, there is a sequential movement on the screen, films strips can be prepared for structured lecture/narration or a story.
The teacher can teach a lesson effectively by stopping and moving different frames in a film strip.
IT tools
schools have begun to integrate new technology into the curriculum.
Students can use netbooks, iPads, and other electronic devices.
Teachers have access to lesson plans that are accessed through the device, so students log on to view the assignments, events and projects.
Some schools have even done away with textbooks and provide all course information on the device.
This has taken away somewhat from traditional learning but also gives students a wealth of opportunity.
students have the world at their fingertips. Anything they wish to learn, they have access to
This can open up a whole new world for students who may not ordinarily have access to a computer or the internet.
students do have an advantage. One must also consider that the world is changing, and technology is basically taking over.
Student must learn how to operate these devices and use the internet to be able to learn as they advance in school as well as in college and on the job.
Example
Netbooks
Smartphone
iPads
Non projected tools
do not require projector, projection screen or electricity
can be simply shown, hug on the wall, touched and handled by any student.
2D
Graphs (line, bar, circle/pie, pictorial)
defined as a visual representation of numerical data
fundamentally a tool for expressing number relationships, which is much easier to visualize that can be done if the statement were made only in words and figures.
2D
Maps
constitute an indispensable aid in teaching many subject like geography, history, economics and social studies.
The learning of these subjects becomes unreal, inadequate and incomplete without map media
Limitations of maps
Maps should indicate accurate, well planed, well printed, wall mounted and durable.
Many of the maps are not visible to all the students in the students.
The teacher often does not take effort to teach map reading to the students.
Each type of map should have the relevant details.
2D
Charts
combination of pictorial, graphic, numerical or vertical material which presents a clear visual summery.
to show relationships such as comparisons, relative amounts, developments, processes, classification and organization.
Advantages
Presents matter symbolically.
Presents abstract ideas in visual form.
Summarizes information.
Shows relationships by means of facts, figures and statistics.
2D
Posters
any piece of printed paper designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface.
designed to be both eye-catching and informative.
Posters may be used for many purposes.
frequent tool of advertisers (particularly of events, musicians, and films), and other groups trying to communicate a message.
Characteristics
use minimum words
simplicity of layout
efficient use of colours
attractive and catchy
Uses
Presents a single idea or a subject forcefully and effectively
Motivated the class.
It can highlight events and projects.
Limitations
Poster conveys a single theme
The lettering if not attractive and accurate, makes the poster illegible.
2D
Flash Cards
used for presentation of an idea in the form of posters, pictures, words and sentences.
A single card or a whole series may be flashed in front of the class.
to develop the power of observation, identification quick comprehension and retention.
Advantages
Easy to carry
Pictorial contents presented in a series are easily recognized by the group.
Limitations
The students cannot get the complete view of the concept
3D
Models
used for demonstrating the three dimensional representation of real things or abstract things.
can be used in a wide range of instructional situations.
particularly used for some specific purposes such as a visual support in instruction and a object for study or manipulation in individualized learning.
Advantages
can reduce very large objects to a size that can be conveniently observed and handled by students.
can be used to demonstrate the interior structures of objects or systems with clarity.
Traditional tools
Chalks
Black Board
White Board
Duster
Advantages
cheap
no power dependence
can be used in board day light
no maintenance costs
mistakes can be corrected instantly
Teaching Aids
tools purposefully designed to overcome verbal deficiencies in communication in a classroom situation
play a key role in teaching-learning situations.
works as the support to both teacher and taught in the pursuit of knowledge and curriculum transaction.
divided into different types as per their nature of function and usability.
Chapter 3: Audio Visual Tools
Audio visual tools are also called instruction material.
means “hearing”, and “visual” means that which is found by seeing.
to make the knowledge clear to us through our sense are called “Audio Visual Aids” or Instruction Material.
make the learning situations as real as possible and give us firsthand knowledge through the organs of hearing and seeing.
any device which can be used to make the learning experience more concrete and effective, more realistic and dynamic, can be considered audiovisual material.
We learn through our sense organs. Senses are the ways of knowledge.
All the sense organs help us in understanding the environment.
Definition
According to Burton, “These are sensory objectives and images which stimulate and emphasis on learning process”.
Objectives
To enhance teachers skills which help to make teaching-learning process effective.
Make learners active in classroom
Communicate them according to their capabilities.
Develop lesson plan and build interest.
To make students good observer.
Develop easy and understandable learning material.
To make teaching process more effective.
Types of Audio Visual Tools
Audio Aids
Visual Aids
Audiovisual Aids
Advantages
helps to make learning process more effective and conceptual.
helps to grab the attention of students.
builds interest and motivation teaching students learning process.
enhance the energy level of teaching and students.
is even better for over burden classrooms
provides students a realistic approach and experience.
Disadvantages
Technical problems
Students Distractions
Expensive
Time consuming
Need Space
-inconvenience
Characteristics
Relevancy
Useful and purposeful teaching
Interest
Minimize verbalism
Motivation
Realism
Who can take benefit from Visual Aids?
Language Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Down Syndrome
Those who have Learning Disabilities
Student who have English as a secondary language
Personality Development Delay
Have the problem of hearing Impairment
Use of Audio Visual Tools in Classroom
The study changes living bodies
To summaries a series of observation
To show the interior of things
To present historic material