❖thoracic aortic aneurysm,
❖traumatic aortic transection,
❖aortic dissection,
❖penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer และ
❖Complicated cases เช่น previous thoracic surgery ,
ruptured thoracic aneurysm , mycotic aneurysm ,aortoesophageal fistula , aorto-bronchial fistula