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Al Ghazāli’s Thoughts on Islamic Education Curriculum …
Al Ghazāli’s Thoughts on Islamic Education Curriculum
Reading strategies: Summarizing
1. Introduction
Al Ghazali's thoughts on curriculum can be learned from his thoughts on dividing sciences
(2) worthy sciences
(3) sciences which are commendable to a certain degree but are not recommended to be studied in depth.
(1) unworthy sciences
There are a lot of books about Al Ghazali's thoughts
Sabda (2008) The Concept of Islamic Education Curriculum Reflection of Al Ghazali's thoughts
the concept of curriculum development perspectives, (philosophical, psychological, and sociological), and its curriculum design ideas (objectives, materials, organizations, and systems of implementation of Islamic education curriculum).
al Ghazali thoughts on curriculum
The article Kurnanto (2011)
the concept of education of al Ghazali which includes discussion about students, human nature, and learning ethics.
The article Alwizar (2015) “Educational Thoughts of al- Ghazali”
explained about the role of education, education goals, educators, learners, education methods and curriculum.
2. The Education Curriculum
The purpose of education will be achieved, if there is a guidance, in the form of a series of materials and the way to deliver it and curriculum covers all these things.
It can be restated that a curriculum is a tool that is designed systematically, directed and measurable to achieve a goal.
In its development, the curriculum is not only a lesson plan but also everything that happens in the educational process at school. It is something that is real and actual in school.
Langgulung (2000) and Hamdan (2014) tried to establish a basic benchmark to standardize a curriculum. There are four main points to be considered
Knowledge, information, data, activities, and experiences from which the curriculum is formed; this is what is usually called the subject and part of the syllabus
Methods and ways of teaching used by teachers to teach and encourage students to learn and bring them to the direction expected by the curriculum
The objectives to be achieved by education, firmly talked about what kind of person we want to form through the curriculum
The methods and means of assessment used in measuring and assessing the curriculum and outcome of the planned education process in the curriculum such as quarterly exam, final exam and others.
4. Islamic Education Curriculum before Al-Ghazāli
The curriculum before al-Ghazāli began when Muhammad was appointed as a prophet
Curriculum in Makkah Period
According to Tafsir (2001) Curriculum at that time was only in the form of al- Qur'an which contained faith, prayer, and morals.
Curriculum in Madinah Period
Curriculum in this period has been developed, due to the increasing number of revelations received by Muhammad, many things needed to be regulated more and more.
Curriculum in Khulafaurrasyidin and Bani Umayyah Periods
At this time, the curriculum changed, however, the scope was extended covering the subject matter of school, called Kuttab
Curriculum in Bani Abbasiyah Period
The Curriculum of Bani Abbasiyah Period became increasingly complex, due to the expansion of Islamic territory and the growing influence of the wider local culture.
3. Islamic Education Curriculum
Omar Muhammad al-Toumy al-Syaibani cited in Nata (1998a) revealed that the characteristics of Islamic education curriculum are as follows:
Extends the scope and thoroughness of its content that is the curriculum that truly reflects the spirit, thoughts, and comprehensive teaching.
Being balanced among the various sciences contained in the curriculum.
Highlights religious and moral goals on the various purposes and content, methods, religious tools and techniques
Be thorough in organizing all subjects needed by the students
The curriculum is always tailored to the interests and talents of students.
In general, educational curriculum principles contain three main things; continuous, sequential and experience integrity. Thus, besides the curriculum is a series of interconnected materials, it must also be arranged in sequence and leveled, systematically directed to obtain educational objectives.
5. The Relevance of Al Ghazali's Curriculum in the Current Islamic Education
Curriculum base and the idea of Islamic education curriculum according to al Ghazali is reflected from his various thoughts in various fields.
Alwizar (2015) - the concept of curriculum from al Ghazali is empirical, while, according to the writers of this study, the concept of curriculum from al Ghazali is holistic and complete.
The opinions of al-Ghazāli related curriculum as subject to be taught in an institution are very relevant to Islamic education today.
Kurnanto (2011) - the concept of education of al Ghazali is closely related to the concept of human, so this paper is derived from the concept of human according to al Ghazali
Conclusion
The thoughts of al-Ghazāli regarding educational curriculum have not yet reached the state official curriculum because at that time, in the political situation, the education is used as a propaganda tool.
According to the writers, based on the above concept of classification, it can be concluded that the concept of al Ghazāli curriculum has similar characteristics to the concept of holistic education which is characterized by intellectual, emotional, physical, and spiritual developments. The curriculum also covers the dimension of development and it is beneficial for individual and society to make people closer to Allah SWT.