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Cell organelles - Coggle Diagram
Cell organelles
Lysosomes
spherical sacs
surrounded by single membrane
no internal structure
diameter: 0.1 - 0.5 micro meter (mm)
contains digestive enzymes
used for breakdown of unwanted structures
used to digest bacteria
Mitochondria
diameter: 1 mm
often sausage-shaped
surrounded by 2 envelopes
carry out aerobic respiration
energy is released and is transferred to mols of ATP
ATP is known as the universal energy carrier
also synthesis of lipids
Chloropast
green parts of a plant
contains chlorophyll
green pigment
carry out photosynthesis
diameter: 3-10 mm (mcro meter
has double membranes
Cell wall
made of cellulose (a polysaccharide that strengthen the wall)
prevents cell from bursting when water enters (osmosis)
reinforced with lignin (strengthen the cell)
freely permeable
Nucleus
control all metabolism in the cell
largest cell organelle
surrounded by 2 membranes (nuclear envelope)
has nuclear pores which allow and control exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm
e.g. mRNA and ribosomes leave the nucleus through the pores for protein synthesis
inside the nucleus
chromatin & chromosomes
contains DNA
organized into functional units, Genes
nucleolus
makes ribosomes
Cell membrane
semi permeable
trilaminar appearance
controls exchange between cell and its environment
thickness: 7 mm (micro meter)
Ribosomes
available in rough ER and cytoplasm
made up of RNA and proteins
site for protein synthesis
diameter: 20-30 nm
Cytoplasm
semi permeable
site for chemical reactions
diameter: 15-20 nm
Cytoskeleton
the frame of the cell
made up of dimer
made up of proteins
diameter: 7 nm
Golgi apparatus
stack of flattened sacs
more than one can be present in a cell
collects, processes and sorts molecules(proteins) for secretion
golgi vesicles make lysosomes
size: 2.5 mm (micro)
Centrioles
close to the nucleus
a hollow cylinder about 500 nm long
each contains 9 triplets of microtubules
Endoplasmic reticulum
smooth ER and rough ER
rough ER: covered with ribosomes
produce proteins and lipids
thickness: 20-30 nm
