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8.3.4 - Political influences on scientific research - Coggle Diagram
8.3.4 - Political influences on scientific research
Context
15th-19th centuries, science research = self funded
Darwin, Dalton, Lavoisier
OR patronage funded
Galileo and the Medici family
research expanded late 10th - early 20th century
increase funding from industry, philanthropy, universities
post WW2, Govs funded research
PRESENT AUSTRALIA
Federal gov funds research > business industries, universities, higher organisations, gov research organisations (CSIRO), non-gov industries
Corporations and market communities
Industry-sponsored research
essential in international funding
mainly focused developing SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS and INNOVATION
big driver = PROFITABILITY > outcomes of sponsored research add to revenue of corporations
e.g. SUGAR-INDUSTRY SPONSORED STUDIES
2016 = article JAMA Internal Medicine
50 years research > nutrition and heart disease SHAPED BY SUGAR INDUSTRY
Sugar Research Foundation > paid 3 Harvard scientists $50,000 to publish 1967 article on sugar, fat and heart disease
studies used chosen by sugar group
bias
article minimised link btwn sugar and heart health > suggest fat could be more to blame
FOOD INDUSTRY
influence nutrition research
2015 > Coca Cola = millions $ funding to researchers who downplayed link btwn SUGARY DRINKS AND OBESITY
University research project budgets
Funding can come from
Research grants
universities
contracted research from a uni or other body
university staff consulting a third party
GOV funding at unis occurs on two levels
Competitive research grants
research proposals are assessed and funded based on their merit
Research block grants
non-competitive funds given to research universities to support research programs
e.g. AUSTRALIAN COMPETITIVE GRANT REGISTER
provides funding to projects that align w/ schemes funded by AUS gov
areas allocated depending of national priorities and social issues at time
e.g. particular diseases -Alzheimers- costing gov money, invest more into studies related
informed by population data produced from the Census
Government budgets and limited time priorities
AUS Gov redefined 2018-2023 priority areas > decarbonizing energy system, Robotics, Artificial Intellignece, Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
Benefit-sharing in research using Indigenous intellectual and cultural property