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Information management, Importance, Definition and Origin, Types of…
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Importance, Definition and Origin
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PROJECT can be defined as a set of interdependent activities oriented to a specific purpose, with a predetermined duration.
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Project Classification
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Companies classify projects in the following categories: replacement, product expansion, expansion to new products, safety or environmental.
Stages of a Project
Planning phase. It is about establishing how the work team will have to satisfy the restrictions of benefits, time planning and cost.
Execution phase. Represents the set of tasks and activities that involve the realization of the project itself, the execution of the work in question.
Delivery or start-up phase. As already mentioned, every project is destined to be completed within a predetermined time frame.
Initiation phase. Definition of the project objectives and the necessary resources for its execution.
Control phase. Monitoring of the work carried out by analyzing how the progress differs from what was planned and initiating the necessary corrective actions.
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Marketing Analysis
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It is necessary to detail the marketing chain from when the product leaves the factory until it reaches the user. There are many modalities, you must indicate if the products manufactured by the company are going to be sold at the factory door at the wholesaler level at the retailer level at the consumer level.
Market, Supply and Demand Study
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Here, the quantities of the good that consumers are willing to purchase and that justify carrying out production programs are determined.
Product Study
- Main product. Data must be collected to identify the main product. Its physical, chemical or other characteristics must be indicated.
- By-products. Indicate if by-products originate in the manufacture of the main product and the use that will be given to them.
- Substitute products. The existence and characteristics of similar products on the market should be noted.
- Complementary products. Indicate whether the use or consumption of the product is conditioned by the availability of other goods and services.
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Magnitude of the Project
In this field, a unit of measurement must be registered, with the possibility of including, if necessary, a second unit of measurement, which allows to account for the size or magnitude of the project.
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Project localization
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At this point, it is important to analyze which is the ideal site where the project can be installed, incurring minimal costs and better access facilities to resources, equipment.
Project Engineering
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In this section, all the necessary resources are determined to comply with the production size that has been established as optimal.
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Unit Costs
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When the total costs to be incurred have already been determined, for the normal development of activities in a given period (generally one year), it is relevant to establish the unit cost of the good to be produced.
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Investment and Financing
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The investments to be made constitute the initial costs corresponding to the execution of the project.
Balance Points
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The breakeven point shows a situation in which the company neither wins nor loses, and is performed to determine the lowest levels of production or sales at which a project can operate without jeopardizing financial viability.
Budget
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After determining the investments and financing sources to implement and start the project, the income and expenses budget is developed, to analyze the operations of the new company or expansion of this, or it could be the operating costs during the life useful, of a project or social program.
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Project Scheduling
Once the necessary information has been obtained, the actual programming of the project can begin.
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The evaluation of projects by means of mathematical-financial methods is a very useful tool for decision-making by financial managers, since an analysis that anticipates the future can avoid possible deviations and problems in the long term.
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Sensitivity analysis is used in project studies to study the effect on the result of the change of one or more elements.
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When conducting a social evaluation of a project, the indirect effects that will be had with the implementation of the project are measured.
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