Information management
Introduction
Importance, Definition and Origin
Types of Investment Studies
Project Classification
Stages of a Project
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Planning phase. It is about establishing how the work team will have to satisfy the restrictions of benefits, time planning and cost.
Execution phase. Represents the set of tasks and activities that involve the realization of the project itself, the execution of the work in question.
Delivery or start-up phase. As already mentioned, every project is destined to be completed within a predetermined time frame.
Initiation phase. Definition of the project objectives and the necessary resources for its execution.
Control phase. Monitoring of the work carried out by analyzing how the progress differs from what was planned and initiating the necessary corrective actions.
Companies classify projects in the following categories: replacement, product expansion, expansion to new products, safety or environmental.
The studies to be financed with the resources of the Program are classified as general and specific. General and specific studies.
PROJECT can be defined as a set of interdependent activities oriented to a specific purpose, with a predetermined duration.
Estudios de Mercado
Price Analysis
Marketing Analysis
Market, Supply and Demand Study
Product Study
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- Main product. Data must be collected to identify the main product. Its physical, chemical or other characteristics must be indicated.
- By-products. Indicate if by-products originate in the manufacture of the main product and the use that will be given to them.
- Substitute products. The existence and characteristics of similar products on the market should be noted.
- Complementary products. Indicate whether the use or consumption of the product is conditioned by the availability of other goods and services.
Here, the quantities of the good that consumers are willing to purchase and that justify carrying out production programs are determined.
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• Price given by the domestic market.
• Price given by imported similar
• Prices set by the government
• Estimated price based on the cost of production
• Estimated price based on demand
• International market prices for export products
It is necessary to detail the marketing chain from when the product leaves the factory until it reaches the user. There are many modalities, you must indicate if the products manufactured by the company are going to be sold at the factory door at the wholesaler level at the retailer level at the consumer level.
Project Study
Magnitude of the Project
Project localization
Project Engineering
Organization of production
In this field, a unit of measurement must be registered, with the possibility of including, if necessary, a second unit of measurement, which allows to account for the size or magnitude of the project.
At this point, it is important to analyze which is the ideal site where the project can be installed, incurring minimal costs and better access facilities to resources, equipment.
In this section, all the necessary resources are determined to comply with the production size that has been established as optimal.
Among the industries that work by assembly are some of the most relevant productive activities for the current economy, mainly mechanical ones: automobiles, engines, tractors, electrical appliances, electronics, etc.
Economic Analysis
Investment Portfolio Analysis
Unit Costs
Total Cost of the Operation
Total Cost of Total Investment
The costs associated with the initial investment, such as the acquisition of real estate, purchase of machinery and equipment, intangible assets and working capital.
They must be calculated for the different levels of operation foreseen during the useful life of the project, classified as fixed and variable. They will be broken down into costs of production, administration and marketing, financial, depreciation, etc.
When the total costs to be incurred have already been determined, for the normal development of activities in a given period (generally one year), it is relevant to establish the unit cost of the good to be produced.
The investment portfolios are integrated with the different instruments that the investor has selected. To make your choice, you must take into account basic aspects such as the level of risk you are willing to take and the objectives you seek to achieve with your investment.
Project Scheduling
Once the necessary information has been obtained, the actual programming of the project can begin.
Investment and Financing
General Organization Problems
Financial Study
Balance Points
Budget
Structure and Sources of Financing
The investments to be made constitute the initial costs corresponding to the execution of the project.
The breakeven point shows a situation in which the company neither wins nor loses, and is performed to determine the lowest levels of production or sales at which a project can operate without jeopardizing financial viability.
After determining the investments and financing sources to implement and start the project, the income and expenses budget is developed, to analyze the operations of the new company or expansion of this, or it could be the operating costs during the life useful, of a project or social program.
The establishment of the project resources will come from the company itself and from the income and expense budgets, where surpluses from operations are achieved.
Table of Sources and Use of Funds
When there are different sources of financing and at different terms, interest rates and financing periods, it is advisable to carry out amortization calculations for each and then compare them in a matrix
Economic Evaluation and Project
Social Assessment
Project Sensitivity Analysis
The evaluation of projects by means of mathematical-financial methods is a very useful tool for decision-making by financial managers, since an analysis that anticipates the future can avoid possible deviations and problems in the long term.
Sensitivity analysis is used in project studies to study the effect on the result of the change of one or more elements.
When conducting a social evaluation of a project, the indirect effects that will be had with the implementation of the project are measured.
The result of this preliminary
Project length: in cases of works over three years, it is usually unlikely to be able to meet initially foreseen deadlines. Changes may have occurred in people, etc.
Management
Evaluation Analysis Methods
programming will be corrected later, to achieve the optimization of the results. These points will be analyzed in detail in the following chapters.