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ASPECTS, simple-perfect, images - Coggle Diagram
ASPECTS
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Rules
Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barking
For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex: slide > sliding, ride > riding
For verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tying
For a verb whose last syllable is written with a consonant-vowel-consonant and is stressed, double the last letter before adding ing. Ex: beg > begging, begin > beginning. However: enter > entering (last syllable is not stressed)
Other uses
To describe an incomplete action which is in progress at the moment of speaking; usually with time expressions such as: now, at the moment, right now.
To describe a plan or arrangement in the near future; usually with time expressions such as: tonight, tomorrow, this week, this Monday.
To express actions that are repeated regularly; usually with a negative meaning and with the time expressions: always or forever.
Contractions
I am > I’m – I’m going to the store in about ten minutes.
He is > He’s, She is > She’s, It is > It’s – It’s raining cats and dogs.
We are > We’re, You are > You’re, They are > They’re – We’re catching the 9:00 flight.
Negative
is not > isn’t
are not > aren’t
Questions
Am I talking too much?
Is that your dog barking?
Are you participating in the competition next week?
SIMPLE PRESENT
Uses
when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why it’s sometimes called present indefinite)
We use the simple present tense when an action is happening right now
How to form
In the simple present, most regular verbs use the root form, except in the third-person singular (which ends in -s).
First-person singular: I write
Second-person singular: You write
Third-person singular: He/she/it writes (note the ‑s)
First-person plural: We write
Second-person plural: You write
Third-person plural: They write
For a few verbs, the third-person singular ends with -es instead of -s. Typically, these are verbs whose root form ends in o, ch, sh, th, ss, gh, or z.
First-person singular: I go
Second-person singular: You go
Third-person singular: He/she/it goes (note the ‑es)
First-person plural: We go
Second-person plural: You go
Third-person plural: They go
For most regular verbs, you put the negation of the verb before the verb, e.g. “She won’t go” or “I don’t smell anything.”
First-person singular: I am
Second-person singular: You are
Third-person singular: He/she/it is
First-person plural: We are
Second-person plural: You are
Third-person plural: They are
Negative sentences
The formula for making a simple present verb negative is do/does + not + [root form of verb]. You can also use the contraction don’t or doesn’t instead of do not or does not.
To make the verb to be negative, the formula is [to be] + not.
Questions
The formula for asking a question in the simple present is do/does + [subject] + [root form of verb].
