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Bahasa Melayu Morphology: structure to affixed words in Malay. - Coggle…
Bahasa Melayu Morphology: structure to affixed words in Malay.
clitics, particles vs Affixes
an affixed word can be the host of one and only one clitic or one and only one particle. a clitic attached before the base is called proclitic and a clitic attached after the base is called enclitic.
A word containing a clitic or a
particle cannot be affixed but an affixed word may receive a clitic and a particle .Malay language has two proclitic, four enclitics, and three particles that may be attached to an affixed word
example :
possessive adjective
1.Mendengar jawapanku, Hasni ketawa terbahak-bahak.
Kewajipankau yang pertama ialah menjayakan perusahaan yang baru dijalankan ini
Subjective pronouns of passive verbs
Cerita ini kutuliskan secara roman sejarah, tetapi alirannya kusesuaikan dengan kisah peperangan
Kedah.
Digunakannya klip supaya lukisannya tidak berganjak
Objective pronouns of active verbs
Mereka menyambutku dengan ramahnya. 2. Polis itu membawa belenggu dan melekatkannya di tangan Yusuf
Definite article
Aspek kemasyarakatannya diteliti dalam keterkaitannya dengan unsur struktur karya sastera
Sequence of prefixes
Malay grammar still describes ‘memper’ and ‘diper’ as verbal prefixes even if in his detailed description of the morphology of Malay. sequences are considered as prefixes but the authors point out in the same time that in
Malay the prefix mempeR- is also referred to per-
in an active sentence, the prefix
per- cannot appear without the prefix meN-, and in a passive sentence,t he affixation in Malay, we said that ‘memper’ and ‘diper’ are the combinations of two prefixes: ‘me- + per-’ and ‘di- + per-’, involving the insertion of ‘m’ at the frontier of me- and per-.refix becomes diper.
example :
active
memperbuat
Passive 3rd person
diperbuat
Passive 1st and 2nd Person
perbuat
causetive "per"
Prefix and suffix vs Circumfix
y. If two morphological units are added simultaneously to a base and result in different meanings, they are not
classified as a single unit.
The application of this definition makes the number of circumfixes lesser when compared to those which may be found in grammar books.
the list of circumfixes and the parts of speech they derive
ber-an (verb), 2. ke-an (noun, verb, adjective). 3 pe-an (noun) . 4. pel-an (noun). 5peN- an (verb). 6. per-an ( noun ). 7 se-an (adverb). 8 se-nya (adverb)
The capital letter ‘N’ in the circumfix peN-an, and also in the prefix peN- indicates that morphographemic phenomena may appear with those affixes at the juncture with their bases
This indication is necessary to make the
difference between peN-an (+ dalam = pendalaman “deepening”) and pe-an (+ dalam = pedalaman “inland”)
complex base
Malay language has seven types of word formation:
affixation,
• reduplication,
• compounding,
• blending (e.g. cerpen < cerita pendek “short story”),
• clipping (e.g. mak < emak “mother”),
• acronyms (e.g. Bernama standing for Berita Nasional Malaysia), and
• borrowing.
Each word-formation may be combined with another to create very complex words