Infections
Bacterial Vaginosis
associtated with a higher pH level. The normal vaginal pH is 4-4.5
there Is a white/grey discharge and a fishy odor
Trichomoniasis
the normal vaginal pH can be changed due pregnancy, intercourse, antibiotics and contraception
in pregnancy it is associated with pre-term labor and infection after invasive procedures such as dilation
treatment is metronidazole
it is sexually transmitted, non viral
there Is a white/grey discharge and a fishy odor , there also is pelvic pain, dysuria and uringary agency / frequency
on examination the vaginal mucosa is inflamed and the cervix appears like "strawberry"
can be treated with metronidazole
Candidiasis Vulvovaginitis
commonly known as yeast infection, there is an over growth of yeast within the vagina
risk factors include the use of tampons, tight underwear, antibiotics and glucose intolernace
women can complain of an itchy and discomfort symptoms and thick cottage cheese discharge
women that have recurrent yeast infections should be checked for diabetes
treatment Is flucanzole
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
men have urethritis and women have cervicitis
has devastating impact on a women's future ability to reproduce
urine tests should be gathered wihtout precleaning
treatment is azithromycin and doxycycline
men have urethritis and women have cervicitis
untreated gonorrhea can lead to PID, which can cause infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain.
routine screening for gonorrhea is recommended for women under the age of 25, men who have sex with men and current HIV
treatment is **azithromycin and ceftiaxone
Hepatitis
Syphilis
Herpes Simplex Virus
HIV
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
is transmitted by skin-skin contact. the virus is usually dormant, meaning that the patient is not contagious and have no outbreaks
they present as cluster of vesicles
patients present with painful vesicular rashes, skin erosions, tender inguinal lymphadenopathy, fever, headache.
treatment can be valacyclovir, it does not cure it but suppress the virus and prevent breakouts
occurs in 4 stags. Primary; may present as singles painless chancre. Secondary; rash. Latent; asymptotic period that may last 4 years. Teritary; that may affect multiple organ systems such as brain, nerves and joints
generalized symptoms are fever, flu-like, headache, malaise, muscle aches, sore throat and weight loss
treatment is peniclin
there is no known transmission via kissing or any other contact. most transmissions are sexual
acute infection (1st stage); first 6 months. symptoms; acute infection flu-like, with fever, headache, lymphadenopathy, sore throat and rash
chronic HIV without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; starts 6 months after acquisition of the HIV. lasts until CD4 count is below 200. Most people at this stage are asymptomatic
AIDS; the CD4 count is below 200.
ART reduces mortality, progression of HIVs to AIDS
Tranmitted Via fecal/ oral route
Risk factors ; illicit drug use, exposure to day care centers and men that have sex with men
symptoms; abdominal pain, flu-like sympotms, n/v, anorexia. within a week the urine becomes dark and stool becomes pale
vaccination
vaccination, 1st vaccination soon after labor, 2nd dose 1 month after first dose and 6 months after the first dose
transmitted via blood, semen and vaginal fluid
symptoms; asymptomatic or RUP, discomfort, N/V, anorexia, jaundice and fatigue
are at risk for cirrhosis, liver faliure, and liver cancer
no vaccination
blood transmition
higher amounting heterosexuasl, with multiple partners and men who have sex with men
typically asymptomatic and treated with antivirals and curative for over 99% of patients