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semioticians, fashion:Set of clothing, ornaments and accessories that are…

- - - - main theoretical contributions of Saussure's semiotic conception:
        
        The sign, Diachrony and synchrony, Language and speech
        
        saussure sing definition: signified is the concep it represent. and signifier: is the form which sing takes.
        
        signified: a four-leaf clover, signifier: lucky
        
        example:
        
        important from saussure
        
        1.writing is the transcriptionof speech. 2.linguistic sing=word. 3.the signifier and the signified are inseparable components to make up a sing 4 the connection signifier + signified is unmotivated (arbitrary)
- - - - 1.cat: independent, night hunter,, they are small, they meow
        2.dog: they need attention, they do not hunt at night, they are large, they bark
        
        example:
    - - Derridá's work focuses on language.
        
        Derrida tries to show that language is constantly changing.
    - - Philosopher and linguist, analyst of language and texts as living communication processes. His extensive knowledge of philosophy is consistent with his literary studies, so that, in many of his works, the border lines between both disciplines are blurred, while moving through the fields of psychology. Heidegger, Nietzsche, Husserl, Sausurre, Bajtin, Freud, Lacan pass through his work.
    - - He argues that writing is an instrumental expression of communication, an extension that memorizes the word. He asserts that the traditional or metaphysical mode of reading imposes a number of false assumptions about the nature of texts.
- - - - peirce sing definition: 1.Representament: which the sing takes. 2. Object: to which thesing refer. 3.Intrepretant: idea, interpretation in mind.
        
        he insisted that not all is arbitrary and we have direct experience but indirect knowledge of reality.
        
        3 classes of sing
        
        1.symol: signifier does not look like the signified
        
        natural languaje. everyone can understand the icon of a car but not the word in different languages.
        
        2. icon: signifier is perceived that is looking like or imitating the signified.
        
        photos, paintings, cinematic images, scultures and algebraic equations.
        
        3.index: signifier is directly connected in some way.
        
        a pointing hand, a symptom, tha barking of a dog, the meowing of a cat.
- - - - Connotation
        
        second order signifying system
      - first order signifying system
- - - - Benveniste considers that in the language two different domains must be distinguished. These are two modalities of the linguistic function: that of meaning for semiotics and that of communicating for semantics.
    - - contribution of benvenite theory.
      - example:
        
        type: temporary expressions: Verb endings expressing tense, adverbs, and adverbial phrases reference to: present, past, Future. example: today, act, arrive, yesterday, last month, before, tomorrow
        
        waiter this bread is hard I'm sorry, did you want it today? sorry i dont have come tomorrow
- - - - 4.He developed a book called Elements of Semiology
        
        5. developed a properly semiological research, with a special interest in linguistics