Major Land Forms
The landscape is being continuously worn away by 2 processes
Earth Movement
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Endogenic Forces
Exogenic forces
Erosional and Depositional
Sudden forces
Diastrophic forces
Earthquake
Building mountains
Vocano
Land slides
River
Winds
Sea-waves
Glaciers
Lithosphere
Lithospheric plates
the lithosphere is broken into a number of plates known as the Lithospheric plates
the earth's crust consists of several large and some small, rigid, irregularly- shaped plates [slabs] which carry continents and the ocean floors.
the forces which act in the interior of the earth are called as Endogenic Forces
the forces that work on the surface of the earth are called Exogenic Forces
Description
Earthquakes
Volcanos
Case Study
Always face a disaster confidently
Volcano is a vent [opening] in the earth's crust through which molten material erupts suddenly
Figure is in page number 13 [A Volcano]
An Earthquake
they cause mass destruction over the surface of the earth
they cause mass destruction over the surface of the earth
When the lithospheric plates move, the surface of the earth vibrates. The vibration can travel all round the earth. These vibrations are called Earthquakes
Focus
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This is where the earthquakes occurs. It is the origin of the seismic energy.
The place in the crust where the movement start is called the Focus
Figure 3.3 page 13 [ Origin of an Earthquake]
Destruction caused by an Earthquake in Gujarat
Figure 3.3a page 14
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Earthquake hits Bhuj
A massive earthquake measuring 6.9 an Richter scale hit Bhuj Town on 26th January 2001.
Bhuj Relief Effort Blighted
School Worst Affected
Atleast 971 students and 31 teachers are feared to have lost their lives following the collapse of school buildings
Seismograph.
An earthquake is measured with a machine called Seismograph.
The magnitude of the earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale
An earthquake of 2.0 less can be felt only a little.
An earthquake over 5.0 can cause damage from things falling.
A 6.0 or higher magnitude is considered very strong.
7.0 is classified as a major earthquake.
Earthquake Preparedness
where to take shelter
where to avoid taking shelter from
Always be prepared
Fire places, areas around chimneys, windows that shatter including mirrors and picture frames
Under a kitchen counter, table or desk, against an inside corner or wall
Spread awareness amongst your friends and family members and face any disaster confidently
Cm's appeal to the centre
Gujarat appeals for financial help. The Chief minister of Gujarat has launched an appeal for the Centre to deal with the disaster.
Three days after the quake, concern rose about food, blankets and medical supplies not reaching everyone
Destruction of Bhuj
Phone lines, water pipelines and power stations transmission lines were knocked out.
Fire in the city
Hundreds of fires started as charcoal, cookers overturned
Emergency declared in quake zone
The president declares a state of emergency
Weathering
Erosion
Weathering is the breaking up of the rocks on the earth's surface
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