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Research Question: Is the formation of novel phonological representation…

- - - - 2 x 2 ANOVA showed over all difference = Significant; Main effect = not significant; Interaction between sessions = not significant
        
        Over all difference: F1(1, 16) = 9.59, p = .007, np
        2 = .38, F2(1, 24) = 13.78, p = .001,
        np2 = .37
        
        Main Effect:F1(1, 16) = 0.26, p = .62,np2 = .02, F2(1, 24) = 2.61, p = .12, np2 = .10
        
        Interaction between sessions: F1(1,
        16) = .06, p = .82, np2 = .00, F2(1, 24) = 0.12, p = .73, np2 = .01
        
        number of non-words recalled increased significantly in the 24 hour group, but not in the 3-4 hour group
        
        3-4 hr: t(10) = –1.49, p = .17, d = 0.19
        
        24 hr: t(8) = –2.71, p = .027, d = 1.12
      - Independent Samples t test = number of errors in picture-word matching task did not differ between groups; final error rate did not differ between groups
        
        picture-word errors: t(19) = 0.37, p = .71, d = 0.17 (am–pm: 2.1%; am–am: 1.5%)
        
        error rate:t(15) = 0.02, p = .99, d = 0.01 (am–pm: 83.6%; am–am: 83.5%)
      - Conclusion: The null hypothesis is rejected. There was a more significant improvement in recall of the non-words during retesting when there was a longer rest consolidation time.
- - - - 2 X 2 ANOVA
        
        Main effect: F1(1, 54) = 21.21,
        p = .000, np2 = .28, F2(1, 24) = 74.45, p = .000, np2 = .76
        
        The 12-year-olds scored higher than the 7-year-olds; main effect was more significant in 7 year olds, 12 year olds had less room for improvement
      - Conclusion: The second experiment further supports the hypothesis that a longer rest consolidation time increases the performance on retesting of the non-words.