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EMSU Topic 6 Develop An Understanding of The Various Approaches to…
EMSU Topic 6 Develop An Understanding of The Various Approaches to Environmental Management System
Energy Management
Legislation, incentives, and public education are some of the ways NEA promotes energy efficiency.
To drive energy efficiency improvement in Singapore, NEA leads an inter-agency committee Energy Efficiency Programme Office (E2PO) to develop the energy efficiency plan known as Energy Efficient Singapore to improve energy efficiency in all the energy consuming sectors - i.e. power generation, industry, buildings, transport and households.
Singapore's key strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is to improve energy efficiency.
As the lead agency for the household sector under E2PO, the NEA started the 10% Energy Challenge on 2008 - aiming to raise awareness amongst Singapore residents on energy conservation and cut household’s consumption by 10% in five years’ time.
Water Management
Singapore will use about two-thirds of its land area as catchment areas by 2011 to collect and store rain water.
However, Singapore’s small land area means that our catchment size is ultimately limited. Hence SG 'recycle' water to meet water demand.
With this build up, when the second of our Water Agreements to import water expires in 2061, Singapore can be self-sufficient if necessary.
Singapore makes water that is exceptionally clean and safe for drinking by utilising cutting-edge membrane filtration technologies to purify treated used water.
Singapore plans to meet half of its future water needs with NEWater and 30% with desalinated water in the long run.
Non-domestic clients, such as wafer manufacturing companies, who require highly filtered water, have a strong demand for NEWater.
Because Singapore cannot expand its land area further, it will also have to grow other water sources at the same time.
by 2011 after completion of the 5th water reclamation plant, NEWater will be able to meet 30% of SG water demand, doubled from 15%
Singapore can increase its water catchment area to 90% through technology.
Singapore also has high standards of sanitation and used water management.
In 2060, domestic consumption may account for about 30% of total water demand, and 70% may come from the non-domestic sector.
Water demand is about 430million gallons a day or 782 olympic size swimming pool
With a Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) that addresses Singapore's long-term sewerage needs, the country is 100% sewered.
The DTSS also helps in the large-scale collection of used water for recycling into high grade NEWater.
Act, Beautiful, Clean (ABC) Water Programme by PUB
Underaccounted-for Water (UFW) calculates the difference between the volume of water delivered into a supply system and the volume of water consumed (metered or otherwise).
UFW is caused by leaks and inherent errors in metering.(Illegal draw-off of water is rarely a cause of UFW in Singapore because of the heavy penalties.)
Creating community spaces for new lifestyle activities and attractions.
Singapore's UFW rate is at 4.5%
Providing a beautiful environment for all to enjoy.
In the early 1980s, Singapore's UFW was 11%, prompting the government to act.
Bringing people closer to water.
To eliminate leakages in the transmission and distribution network, Singapore launched a comprehensive leakage control program that included increased quality pipes and fittings, main replacement and rehabilitation as well as leakage detection and repair.
PUB's Active, Beautiful, Clean (ABC) Waters Program will maximise the environmental potential of our water bodies.(lakes and rivers)
With such programmes and measures control it provide accurate metering of output and consumption of water, making SG one of the lowest UFW rate of 4.5% in worldwide.
Waste Management
Solid waste had increased from 1,200 tonnes a day in 1972 to 7,700 tonnes a day in 2001.
Solid waste management in Singapore begins at homes and businesses.
Solid waste disposal has increased 6 times since Singapore's independence due to its growing economy and population.
To extend the lifespan of recyclables, they are sorted out and retrieved prior to waste collection.
Licensing, regulation, and enforcement of solid waste collection are all included here.
The solid waste that remains are then collected and sent to the various waste-to-energy plants for incineration.
The National Environment Agency (NEA) is responsible for planning, developing and managing solid waste disposal facilities and operations.
Incineration decreases the volume of solid waste by around 90% and creates steam, which is used to power turbine generators to gain electricity
Singapore therefore has an advanced waste management system in place.
Incineration Plants
The incinerated ash and other non-incinerable wastes are then transported to the Tuas Marine Transfer Station (TMTS) for the barging operation to Semakau Landfill where they are disposed of at the tipping sites.
Currently, about 60% of our waste is recycled with the remaining 38% incinerated and 2% landfilled directly.
Tuas South, Tuas, keppel Segher and senoko
Semakau Landfill is where the ash from incineration is eventually disposed of.
Waste such as construction and demolition refuse that cannot be incinerated, is directly disposed of at Semakau Landfill.
Incineration plants and landfills require a significant amount of land and are both capital-intensive infrastructures, so the building of additional incineration plants and landfills is not feasible for land-scarce Singapore.
Due to Singapore's small land area and dense population, an efficient waste collection and disposal system is critical.