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PREVENTION(L2) - Coggle Diagram
PREVENTION(L2)
Obstacles of HIV vaccine
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Antigenic diversity & hypervariability of the virus>>RT: highly error prone>mutations
Emergence of escape mutants
Good vaccine=Good target(stable,no AA structure changing)
Antigenic structure>made up of AA>translated from nucleotides in the DNA>Change in AA nucleotide order>>structure changes>antigenic diversity>virus escape possibility from immune response
HIV>Gives rise to escape
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Vaccine strategies
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Stratergies>induce 3 layers defence(Systemic,lymphoid&mucosal)
MMC
Mechanisms: foreskin removal,HIV-1 target cell removal &poor structural defences
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Trial vaccines:Ad5 vector:gag,pol,nef>>failed(harmful) , RV144
Vaccines
Vaccine Manufacturing
Live attenuated-measles,mumps, rubella(Live viral particles genetically modified>no longer infectious/go through 1 round of replication>enough to provide immune response>immune protection e.g J& J vaccine(COVID)
Whole Kill virus-influenza , rabies Chinese Covid Vaccine
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Poliomyelitis(not eradicaed) , smallpox(last recorded in 1977-Som , SA-1979)
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Host response>vaccines
Cellular: CTL(killer) , CD4 h T cell>Abs production
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