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IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS(L1) Pt.2 - Coggle Diagram
IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS(L1) Pt.2
1.Transmission
Langerhans cells>express
CD4 & CCR5
(can be infected)
Activated Langerhans cells>produce cytokines(IL-1, 6 & TNFa)
Langerhans cells>1st to contact HIV>express
CD270(Langerin)
>capture the virus &
binds to gp120
>internalization & degradation of virus>act. cell into lymph nodes>AP to CD4+ t cell(can be infected)
2.Dissemination
>↑ viral replication>↑ viral loads
Loss of CD4 cells, macrophages express CCR5 & CD4 , Dendritic are CD4 negative>capture HIV on CD209 molecules
3.Control
Activation of CD8 & CD4 helper cells>↓ viral replication>↓ viral
Dendritic cells engulf virus>MHC 1&2>presnted to T cells ,
4. Seroconversion
>>antibodies production(IgM>switches to IgG)(explained well in PT.1 notes)
Mucosal surface&MALT
Frontline defense
against antigens
Largest in our body
Consequences of immune activation
(s.28&29)
!
End organ disease(CVD, liver, dementia)
Impaired CD4 T cell recovery
Immune activation prevented by inhibiting microbial translocation,persistent HIV , co-infections,activation of PDC & Altered Treg/th17
Inhibition of immune activation>prevents lymph node fibrosis, T cell exhaustion & inflammation
Gut lumen
Cryt of lieberkuhn
Stem cells>protected by
Paneth cells
>secrete antimicrobial molecules
epithelial stem cells
>new cells
Payer's Patches(2º lymphoid tissue)
AP , T & B cells activation>lymphoid follicle
Microfold(M)cells
>deliver intact antigens via transcytosis to AP cells
Goblet cells>produce mucus>protect & lubricate epithelial layer
Disruption of Villous
HIV replication
in lamina propria CD4+ T cells>mucosal immune activation>
atrophy of villous
>reduced absorptive surface
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
>↑ gut permeability to pathogens>promote HIV replication
HIV infection & opportunistic organisms>>malabsorption of nutrients
Lymphatic & arterioles(patrolling immune cells)