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Respiration - Coggle Diagram
Respiration
Electron Transport Chain: A process that transfer electrons from protein complexes + electron donors to electron receptors. This process includes reductive and oxidation reactions. On top of this, protons, H- ions are transferred through the membrane.
This process is like a bucket where electrons move rapidly. This uses atmospheric oxygen. At the end of the process, oxygen would become the last electron receptor and water is created.
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Throughout the process, energy is lost from the electrons, however, the lost energy is stored as potential energy sometimes. This then creates a electrochemical gradient and moves hydrogen ions from the inner membrane to the intermembrane space (place outside/around the inner membrane) of the mitochondria
There are 4 protein complexes which NADH/FADH2 electrons passes through. During the 4th protein complex, the electrons are taken in by the terminal receptor (oxygen).
After taking in the electrons, the oxygen combines with the 2 hydrogen ions which then makes water and enhances the gradient.
Oxygen is the main component in the process that creates ATP. If there was no oxygen, the chain would stop working and there would be no ATP created. The reason why oxygen is a main component is connected to our respiratory system. Additionally, oxygen is like the cell's source of energy that lets the chain to continue doing its job.
On the other hand of the chain, it goes deeper than this
Since the free energy moves the hydrogen ions through the membrane, it causes an uneven distribution of the ions (electrochemical gradient made), giving the ions a positive charge and a higher concentration on 1 side of the membrane.
The ions breaks apart in a ATP synthase. The synthase is like a generator and the ions are like its power source that starts the breaking apart of them. The ions goes from the intermembrane space to the matrix of the mitochondria. While this is happening, ATP is being remade from ADP. The process of this occurring is called chemiosmosis
P.S. - Chemiosmosis connects to the reactions (back to the beginning of the Electron Transport Chain
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Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle (process takes place in inner part of the mitochondria - matrix): Pyruvate molecules from glycolysis stage are transported to the mitochondria (cell that creates majority of energy/ATP for the other cells and itself. If there is oxygen, aerobic respiration (process where oxygen is used to turn things like fat and sugars into chemical energy) would begin. Chemical energy is a type of energy that's in chemical compounds in order to release a reaction plus makes heat as a result.
The pyruvate will become a 2-carbon acetyl group which will then be taken by a carrier compound called coenzyme A (CoA).After this, a compound, acetyl CoA is made.
There are 8 steps in this closed loop where the last part remakes the compound that was in the 1st step. It's a series of chemical reactions where 2 CO2, 1 ATP and NAD+/FAD+ (NADH/FADH2). The electrons of the produced compounds have to be transferred to the next step.
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In order to process 1 glucose molecule, it takes 2 cycle turns (3 carbons for each cycle turn)
This part is about phosphorylation. It adds phosphate and also puts together a substrate (ATP) with a enzyme easier to happen. The reaction for when this happens is:
A + enzyme + ATP → [A − enzyme − ~P] → B + enzyme + ADP + phosphate ion