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History of Canada, In 1949, Newfoundland and Labrador became the last…
History of Canada
Pre-Columbian
Around the year 1000, the vikings arrived
30000 years ago, Canada was already inhabited by natives and by the time the Europeans arrived, the largest tribes were the Iroquois, Haida, Mohawk, and Cree.
Colonization
In 1497, under Henry II of England, the Italian John Cabot became the first European in Canada after the vikings.
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In 1534, under Francis I, the French also started the colony of New France.
In 1608, its first settlement, Quebec, was built by Samuel de Champlain, and the French soon claimed the most territory in Canada.
After the War of Spanish succession and the 7 Years War, the British took all of New France's territory.
Britain decided not to unite the two colonies, so the English part of Canada became Lower Canada and the French part became Upper Canada.
British rule (1763-1931)
The Quebec act of 1774 preserved French law in Quebec and also assured their right to practice catholicism.
After the American Revolution, many loyalists fled to Canada, and the US-Canada border was created.
Being the only major English colony left in North America, Canada prospered with British investments.
Dominion of Canada
In 1870 and 1871, Rupert's land and British Columbia, to the West of Canada, were transferred to them.
In 1867, the current Canadian constitution was written by the Fathers of Confederation, thus forming the Dominion of Canada
Canada took part in WWI, and battles such as Vimy Ridge (1917) helped develop a sense of national pride and greater desire for independence.
The Canadian Revolution (1837-1838) sought independence for Canada, but was crushed, although it did result in the union between Upper and Lower Canada.
Independence
In 1931, Canada becomes co-equal with the UK, and in 1982, with the Canada Act, the constituion was patriated and Canada gained independence.
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In 1949, Newfoundland and Labrador became the last territories to be incorporated into Canada.
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Among the Fathers of Confederation was Sir John A. Macdonald (1815-1891), who served as the first Prime Minister of Canada. 
The colonies of Canada refused to participate in the American Revolution, as they were too weak and too reliant on England to rebel.