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Managing blood sugar levels - Coggle Diagram
Managing blood sugar levels
Diet
Hypoglycemia
Eat small meals every 3 to 4 hours throughout the day, rather than 3 large meals per day. Avoid foods high in saturated fats or trans fats.
Choose foods with a low glycemic index score.
Reduce or eliminate processed and refined sugars from your diet.
Choose complex carbohydrates over simple carbohydrates.
Reduce or eliminate alcoholic drinks, and never mix alcohol with sugar-filled mixers, such as fruit juice.
Eat lean protein.
Eat foods high in soluble fiber.
Foods to Avoid if You're Hypoglycemic
Processed foods.
Fried foods.
MSG (monosodium glutamate)
All soft drinks.
Artificial sweeteners such as aspartame (NutraSweet), sucralose (Splenda), and saccharine (Sweet'n Low)
Hot dogs, sausages, and deli meats.
Monitoring
Monitoring for blood sugar level requires observing the patient for signs and symptoms, checking the BGL using the glucometer.
Medications
Hypoglycemia
Glucose supplements (eg, dextrose)
Glucose-elevating agents (eg, glucagon, glucagon intranasal)
Inhibitors of insulin secretion (eg, diazoxide, octreotide)
Antineoplastic agents (eg, streptozocin)
Hyperglycemia
Metformin. In most of the world, metformin is the only biguanide available.
Sulfonylureas. Sulfonylureas lower glycemia by enhancing insulin secretion.
Glinides.
α-Glucosidase inhibitors.
Thiazolidinediones.
Insulin. ...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (exenatide).
Amylin agonists (pramlintide).
S/s hypoglycemia
An irregular or fast heartbeat, Fatigue, Pale skin, Shakiness, Anxiety, Sweating, hunger, Irritability.
Interventions
For low blood sugar between 55-69 mg/dL, raise it by following the 15-15 rule: have 15 grams of carbs and check your blood sugar after 15 minutes. If it’s still below your target range, have another serving. Repeat these steps until it’s in your target range. Once it’s in range, eat a nutritious meal or snack to ensure it doesn’t get too low again.
The 15-15 Rule
If you have low blood sugar between 55-69 mg/dL, you can treat it with the 15-15 rule: have 15 grams of carbs. Check it after 15 minutes. Repeat if you’re still below your target range.
Lifestyle
Eat healthy
Exercise
Regular check ups
Regular monitoring
S/s hyperglycemia
Fruity-smelling breath, Nausea and vomiting, Shortness of breath, Dry mouth, Weakness, Confusion, Abdominal pain, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia.
Get physical. Regular exercise is often an effective way to control your blood sugar. ...
Take your medication as directed. ...
Follow your diabetes eating plan. ...
Check your blood sugar. ...
Adjust your insulin doses to control hyperglycemia.
Patient Education
Educate the patient on the signs and symptoms of diabetes
Educate the patient on the 15-15 rules for hypoglycemia
Educate the patient on how to use the glucometer
Educate the patient on how to administer self insulin