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Netherlands, Maurice, Prince of Orange, was in favor of a monarchy, Johan…
Netherlands
Submission
Habsburg rule
Austria
Now part of the Burgundian Circle in the HRE, the Dutch counties were divided into the Seventeen provinces (1549-1581).
Spain
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With the Protestant Reformation, the population became Calvinist, which led to the Dutch Revolt (1566-1648).
With the defeat of Spain in the 30 Years War, Dutch independence was finally recognized.
Burgundian rule
Through conquest and inheritance, the Dutch counties ended at the hands of Burgundy by 1384.
After the end of Burgundy, such counties became property of the Habsburgs in 1482.
Early Independence
Golden age
To assist in trade, the Dutch East India Company was founded in 1602, and it brought immense wealth to the Netherlands.
Since Dutch citizens owned shares of the company, this helped in wealth distribution, resulting in the Dutch golden age.
Decline
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Revolutionary France beat the Dutch in 1795, creating the Batavian Republic as a puppet state.
In 1806, Napoleon created the Kingdom of Holland and put his brother Louis in charge of it.
However, Louis failed to satisfy French interests, and thus the country was annexed in 1810 until 1813.
Britain took over the Dutch colonies during the Napoleonic Wars, giving some of them back after the war.
The Congress of Vienna created the United Kingdom of the Netherlands to serve as a buffer state between France and the German Confederacy.
Since the Southern Netherlands were mostly Catholic and French speaking, they split into Belgium after the Belgian War of Independence (1830-1831).
Modern History
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• During WW2, the country was invaded by Nazi Germany in 1940 and had its Jewish population killed in the Holocaust.
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Maurice, Prince of Orange, was in favor of a monarchy
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The Republic’s policy of religious tolerance attracted many persecuted people from all over Europe, which helped in the development of ideas.
The Dutch clashed with the English over naval dominance in the first three Anglo-Dutch Wars during the 17th century, managing to win the last 2.