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Vietnam - Coggle Diagram
Vietnam
Beginnings
Ancient times
The Lac Viet people of kingdom of Van Lang developed around the Red River Delta, creating the Dong Son culture (1000 BC – 100 AD) during the Bronze age.
They then united with the Yue people of Nam Cong to form the kingdom of Au Lac in northern Vietnam (257 BC – 179 BC), which collapsed almost as soon as its founder, An Duong, died.
Chinese rule
In response to the expansion of Qin China, the Yue tribes united under the kingdom of Nanyue (204 BC – 111 BC), but were eventually conquered by the Han.
In 40AD, the Trung Sisters rebellion (40-43 AD) briefly recovered Vietnamese independence, but was eventually beaten.
Rebellions would happen whenever Han was weakened and in 544 the southern kingdom of Champa (192 AD – 1832 AD), widely influenced by the Funan empire, formed the kingdom of Van Xuan.
In 602, Sui China managed to reconquer northern Vietnam, and the Tang eventually made them autonomous vassals (Dai Viet).
After the Tang collapse, independence was gained in 938.
French Indochina
Napoleon III took some of the south after the Cochin china campaign (1858-1862) and then the rest of the country in the following decades.
French Indochina was invaded by Japan in 1940, which faced resistance from the Viet Minh communists, led by Ho Chi Minh.
During the First Indochina War (1946-1954) the monarchy was overthrown and the country was divided by the Geneva Accords (1954).
Independence
Multiple dynasties rose and fell in a dispute over hegemony, and the southern Ly dynasty (1009-1225) emerged victorious.
The Ly dynasty ended in a fairly peaceful coup, which established the Tran dynasty (1225-1400).
The Tran managed to repel three Mongol invasions, but were eventually beaten by Dai Viet, starting another warlord period and a brief Ming occupation.
Although the Le dynasty (1427-1527) managed to briefly unify the country, soon four minor states started fighting again, with the emperor as a puppet.
Out of these, Trinh and Nguyen were the last survivors, but were beaten by a massive peasant revolt, which created the Tay Son dynasty (1778-1802).
The Nguyen eventually beat Tay Son, consolidating and expanding the country through an alliance with Siam.
Vietnam war (1955-1975)
After a referend ruled that North and South wouldn’t unite, communists in the capitalist south formed the Viet Kong.
China and North Vietnam supported the Viet Kong, while the US supported the South, beginning the Second Indochina War. In 1965, the US sent troops to fight.
In 1970, the North invaded Cambodia to support Pol Pot and the US did the same, making the war even less popular among Americans, who started withdrawing in 73.
In 1975, the North won the war and established the current republic.
Present day
External policy
The Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1978) over Khmer territory caused China to interfere during the Sino-Vietnamese War (1979).
o In 1979, the Three No’s policy was established with the intent to maintain the country neutral in international affairs.
Disputes over trade routes and underwater resources with China. Vietnam is at the end of the Mekong river, and Chinese plans for a dam threaten the economy of the South.
Internal policy
The Mekong Delta in the South is the most important region of the country, having most of its industry and 33% of the GDP.
Although Vietnam has grown a lot, it’s very dependent on Chinese exports and doesn’t have good relations with Cambodia, although it’s amicable to Laos.
Due to its low elevation, rising sea levels are a major concern of the government, which invests heavily on anti-flooding technology.
In the government, there’s dispute between pro-western, pro-Chinese and isolationist parties, causing division.
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