Week 2 Introduction into management
Origins of organisations & reasons for their existence
Classical Theories
Human Relations Theory
Scientific Management
Hawthorne Studies
System Theory
Contingency Theories
Conclusions
Organisation - 'social arrangements for the controlled performance of collective goals'
General characteristics of orgs
consist of people
collective goals
clearly defined hierarchy
limits are clearly defined
Why Orgs exist
to facilitate 'synergy'
to facilitate 'division of labour'
establishment of formal systems of responsibility and authority
Ideas on management developed by the earliest theorists
Emphasised the purpose of organisations and highlighted formal structures
effective management a product of rules and guidelines II rigid principles
focused on organisational productivity rather than individual productivity
assumed human beings work in a predictable manner
Key thinkers
Henri Fayol
Principles & functions of management
Frederick Taylor
Scientific management
Time & motion study
Scientific methods instead of old rule of thumb techniques
Scientific selection & training
Money as a motivational tool
Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
Henry Gantt
Charles Bedaux
Criticisms
Ignores psychological needs of workers
Assumes money is the only motivator
Adopts a simplistic view of productivity
Ignores the importance of formal and informal work groups
Anti-union
Key thinkers
Max Weber
Human are innately wired to follow those is presumed positions of authority (position status, legal, formal appointment, charisma, tradition)
Purpose is to maximise organisational efficiency
Argues for focus to be directed at humans