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FROM JACOBEAN AGE TO THE RESTORATION PERIOD - Coggle Diagram
FROM JACOBEAN AGE
TO THE RESTORATION PERIOD
Cultural and Literary Background
17th century characterised by
cultural innovations and changes
new scientific discoveries
mathematical experimental method connected with the philosophy of
EMPIRICISM
based on observation of direct experience. The symbol was the
ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOUNDED IN 1660
to promote scientific research. Discoveries of Galileo and Kepler confirmed Copernicus theories; Harvey demostration of blood circulation; Boyle's studies in chemistry; Isaac Newton's law of gravity
importance of the Bible
imitation of the great classics and contemporary French authors
Pascal, Corneille, Racine, Molière, as France became a cultural model after king Charles II returned from exile
abolition of censorship and freedom of the press
From a
Literary point of view
17th century can be divided into 3 periods
1st period 1603-1642
poetry marked by 2 trends
continuation of courtly lyric and a more religious and philosophical poetry
Jacobean drama
produced satirical comedies and sensational tragedies
2nd period 1642-1660
closing of the theatres,
philosophical prose writing
became widespread and prose witnessed a proliferation of
political tracts and pamphlets
3rd period 1660-1700
theatres were reopened and underwent changes and innovations.
The Restoration playhouse
had a structure similar to that of Jacobean private theatre, a smaller, indoor theatre lit with candles
the stage was no longer jutted out into the yard but formed by a back stage and a front stage and the auditorium where the audience sat in the dark face it
the audience sat both in the galleries and boxes and in the pit
the picture stage was framed by proscenium arch and the scenery was painted at the back of the stage
actresses were allowed to act
King Charles II
became patron of the theatre and issued patents for 2 new theatre companies to
THOMAS KILLIGREW FOUNDER OF THE DRURY LANE
WILLIAM DAVENANT
WHO PLANNED THE
INN FIELDS THEATRE AND THE DORSET GARDEN THEATRE
It staged brilliant and witty comedies and heroic tragedies
Historical and social background
THE STUART PERIOD
1603
1603- 1625
1605
1620
1625 - 1649
1618-1648
1628
2 more items...
Thirty Years War
1 more item...
CHARLES I
son of James I
His reign characterised by
increasing struggle for power with Parliament
religious conflicts
Pilgrim Fathers
a group of dissenters sailed on board of the
Mayflower
to escape persecution and landed in North America founding
New Plymouth
first community of New England
GUNPOWDER PLOT
A group of Catholics guided by Guy Fawkes planned to blow up the King and the Parliament and restore Roman Catholic religion. But the plot was discovered and many Catholics were executed
JAMES I
His reign characterised by
tendency towards absolutism
based on the doctrine of the divine right of the king (King's power dervied directly from the will of God). He summoned the Parliament only 3 times when he needed money
religious repression
he supported the Church of England and took restrictive measures against all dissenters, Catholics and Puritans
**Elizabeth I died and James VI of Scotland, Mary Stuart's only son, ascended to the throne as James I of England
2 opposing frames of mind
Puritanism
Religious movement that developed in the late 16th and 17th centuries
and became a well-rooted characteristic of English society. They were the
most extreme Protestants
within the Church of England who wanted to purify it from the remnants of the Roman Catholic practises. inspired by Calvinist tradition and the teachings of the Bible, they believed that God's grace and mercy predestined only a limited number of people to salvation. They followed a
strict code of behaviour
based on
moral rigour , a frugal way of living, abnegation to work and fulfilment of material success seen as God's grace
. They supported the
abolition of the main forms of entertainment considered immoral
.
They closed the theatres in 1642
they had their hair cut short nickname
ROUNDHEADS
during the civil war they sided with the Parliament and opposed the Anglicans, supporters of the Church of England and the Cavaliers, supporter of the monarchy
Libertinism
Code of behaviour typical of the Restoration society, defined as "Merry England". Puritan way of living was replaced by a more relaxed way of living based on licentiousness, dissoluteness and immorality. Charles II brought from France a revolution in taste. Libertinism and cinismo, together with a certain taste for elegance and ostentation spread at Court and many forms of amusement were revived again. The King himself preferred entertainment to business. This led nobility and gentry to rediscover country life seen as a purer way of living