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CRIMINOLOGY Part 2 Understanding crime: theories and concepts - Coggle…
CRIMINOLOGY Part 2 Understanding crime:
theories and concepts
6 Classicism and positivism
Introduction
Classical criminology
Beccaria
Jeremy Bentham
The impact of classicism
Positivism and criminology
Defining positivism
Cesare Lombroso
Ferri and Garofalo
Charles Goring
Somatyping
The impact of positivism
7 Biological positivism
Introduction
Genetic factors
Eugenics and ‘feeble-mindedness’
Twin studies
Adoption
Chromosomal anomalies
Genetics and offending
Biochemical factors
Central nervous system
ADHD and brain dysfunction
Neurotransmitters
Laterality
Autonomic nervous system
Hormones/testosterone
Nutrition
Assessing biological positivism
8 Psychological positivism
Introduction
Psychoanalysis and crime
Bowlby and ‘maternal deprivation’
Learning theories
Differential association
Operant learning
Social learning theory
Rational choice
Routine activity theory
Cognitive theories
Yochelson and Samenow
Piaget, Kohlberg, moral development and offending
Eysenck’s biosocial theory
Intelligence and offending
Assessing psychological positivism
9 Durkheim, anomie and strain
Introduction
Durkheim and criminology
Durkheim and social change
Durkheim, suicide and anomie
Assessing Durkheim
Merton and anomie
Anomie and the ‘American
dream’
Assessing Merton’s anomie theory
Later strain theory
Cloward and Ohlin
General strain theory
Messner and Rosenfeld
Assessing strain theory
11 Interactionism and labelling theory
Introduction
The emergence of labelling theory
Primary and secondary deviance
Becker’s outsiders
Moral entrepreneurship
‘ Becoming a marijuana user’
Stigma
Self-fulfi lling prophecy
Deviancy amplification
Folk Devils and Moral Panics
Braithwaite and ‘shaming’
Assessing labelling theory
12 Control theories
Introduction
Reckless’s containment theory
Inner containment
Neutralisation and drift theory
Drift
Social bond theory
Four elements of the social bond
Testing social bond theory
Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime
Low self-control
Assessing the general theory of crime
Tittle’s control-balance theory
Relating control-balance to crime
Assessing control theory
13 Radical and critical criminology
Introduction
Crime and the underdog
Marx and Marxism
Willem Bonger
American radicalism
Vold and criminalisation
Austin Turk
William Chambliss
From confl ict to peacemaking
Radical criminology in Britain
The new criminology
Contemporary radical criminology
Zemiology and social harm
Assessing radical criminology
Teleology
Determinism
Idealism
14 Realist criminology
Introduction
Left realism
The critique of ‘left idealism’
The nature of left realism
What Is To Be Done about Law & Order?
Left realism and method
Assessing left realism
Right realism
Thinking about Crime
Distinguishing left and right realism
Wilson and Herrnstein
Murray and the ‘underclass’
Assessing right realism
15 Contemporary classicism
Introduction
Rational choice theory
Clarke and Cornish
Bounded rationality
Crime scripts
Routine activity theory
Routine activity and crime trends
Routine activity theory elaborated
Situational crime prevention
Defensible space and problem-oriented policing
Problem-oriented policing
Crime and opportunity
Crime science
Assessing contemporary classicism
16 Feminist criminology
Introduction
Early criminology and the female offender
Lombroso and Ferrero
W.I. Thomas and Otto Pollak
Sociological criminology and the continued invisibility of women
Development of modern feminist criminology
Female emancipation and crime
Carol Smart and feminist criminology
Contemporary feminist criminology
Understanding women’s involvement in crime
Women, prison and punishment
The nature of women’s imprisonment
Criminalisation of women
A feminist methodology?
Feminist victimology
Assessing feminist criminology
17 Late modernity, governmentality and risk
The transition to late modernity
Surveillance
Changes in property relations
A new regulatory state?
Foucault and governmentality
Discipline and Punish
Governmentality theory
The dispersal of discipline
The discipline of Disney World
Risk and the new culture of control
Garland and The Culture of Control
Risk, crime and criminal justice
Assessing governmentality, the new penology and risk
Governmentality
The new penology
Risk
10 The Chicago School, subcultures and cultural criminology
Cultures and subcultures
Albert Cohen
Cloward and Ohlin
David Matza
Subcultural theory
American subcultural theory
British subcultural theory
Assessing subcultural theory
Introduction
The Chicago School
Social ecology
Differential association
Differential reinforcement
Chicago School and crime
The zonal hypothesis
Shaw and McKay: cultural transmission
Chicago Area Project
Assessing the Chicago School
Cultural criminology
Crime as culture
Culture as crime
Media dynamics of crime
and control
A critique of cultural criminology