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TRANSLATION IN THE XX CENTURY - Coggle Diagram
TRANSLATION IN THE XX CENTURY
SCIENCE OF TRANSLATION
FOCUS: EQUIVALENCE
KEY IDEA: THERE IS A CORRESPONDANCE BETWEEN ONE LANGUAGE AND ANOTHER
THEY LOOKED AT WORDS
TRANSLATION COULD BECOME A SCIENCE AND THERE ARE TECHNICAL WAYS TO ACHIEVE AN EQUIVALENT TRANSLATION
MEANS
2 THINGS HAVE EQUAL VALUE EVEN IF THEY ARE DIFFERENT
THEORISED BY
ROMAN JAKOBSON
3 KINDS OF TRANSLATION
INTERLINGUAL
CLASSIC -> GOES BETWEEN TWO LANGUAGE
INTERSEMIOTIC
OCCURS BETWEEN TWO DIFFERENT SIGN SYSTEMS
EX. WRITTEN TEXT AND A MOVIE
INTRALINGUAL
REFORMULATION IN THE SAME LANGUAGE
TRANSLATOR HAS ONE GOAL
TAKES A CODE, RECODES THE MESSAGE, TRANSMIT FROM ONE SOURCE TO ANOTHER
THE MESSAGES NOW ARE EQUIVALENT, BUT THEY ARE IN DIFFERENT CODES
EQUIVALENCE IN DIFFERENCE IS THE CARDINAL PROBLEM OF LANGUAGE
POETRY
CONSIDERED AS UNTRANSLATABLE, BECAUSE THE FORM IS THE POEM
DEBATE ON WHAT EQUIVALENCE IS
NATURAL
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO LANGUAGES IS ONE OF EQUIVALENCE
IT CAN BE REALISED TO EVERY LEVEL
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWO LANGUAGES IS SYMMETRIC
EX. DOGS-CANE -> WE ALL HAVE THE THOUGHT OF DOGS, BUT WE SAY IT IN A DIFFERENT WAY
DIRECTIONAL
NO EQUIVALENCE AT A UNIVERSAL LEVEL BETWEEN LANGUAGES
RELATIONSHIP: ASYMMETRIC
AIM OF TRANSLATOR
CREATE AN EQUIVALENCE THAT DOESN'T EXIST PRIOR TO THE TRANSLATION
EQUIVALENCE: DYNAMIC
LOOK AT THE TRANSLATION IN ISOLATION
LOOK AT THE SINGLE NOUNS AND VERBS
THE SCIENTISTS WANTED TO CREATE A MACHINE THAT COULD BE ABLE TO TRANSLATE
EX. GOOGLE TRANSLATOR
TRANSLATION
CONSIDERED AS A SUB BRANCH OF LINGUISTICS
FOCUS: LANGUAGE
STUDIED BY LINGUISTS
TRANSLATING = TRANSFERRING CONTENT FROM ONE LANGUAGE TO ANOTHER
IT IS CHARACTERISED BY
SCIENTIFICAL APPROACHES
TRANSLATION = LINGUISTIC PROCESS + LOOKED AT HOW WE COULD CREATE EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN 2 LANGUAGES
THESE ARE:
NORMATIVE= THEY HAVE RULES TO FOLLOW
THERE IS A ST AND YOU HAVE THE TRANSLATION THAT IS A COPY
ORIGINAL TEXT IS THE IMPORTANT PART, WHILE THE TRANSLATION IS A REFLECTION
APPROACH STATIC AND SYNCHRONIC
IT LOOKS AT WORDS NOT IN THEIR CONTEXT AND DOESN'T COMPARE THE DIFFERENT TIMES IN WHICH THE ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATION ARE WRITTEN
TRANSLATION STUDIES
CULTURAL TURN IN TRANSLATION STUDIES
SCHOLARS STARTED TAKING INTO ACCOUNT
CULTURE
DEFINITION OF CULTURE AS GENERAL
TEXT + CONTEXT ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANT
FROM 1980s
TRANSLATION STUDIES HAS BECOME A DISCIPLINE IN ITS OWN
POPULAR IN THE ANGLO SAXON CONTEXT
TRANSLATION THEORY
FOCUS: TEXTS
THEY LOOKED AT THE FUNCTION OF THE TEXT -> CONTEXT
SOME SAY THAT TRANSLATION CHANGE IF YOU CHANGE ITS AIM
NEED A THEORY OF TRANSLATION