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AIR AND WATER - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Some gases that mentain the Earth's temperature high enough to support
        
        These gases trap the Sun's electromagnetic radiation
        
        This causes the atmosphere to warm up and leads in global warming
  - - - CO2 is emitted from respiration and combustion
        
        CO2 is absorbed to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis
        
        Animals eat these plants and the carbon consumed is released as CO2 formed during respiration
        
        These animals and plants eventually die and decomposers feed on these dead organisms, the carbon is returned to the atmosphere as CO2
- - - - combustions of fossil fuels
    - - Leaded petrols
    - - Incomplete combustion
  - - - 0.04% carbon dioxide
      - 0.9% carbon dioxide
      - 21%oxygen
      - Other gases
      - 75% nitrogen
  - - - The air is then cooled to -80C.At this temperature water vapor and carbon dioxide are solids and are removed as they can severe blockages.
        
        the air without the water carbon dioxide is cooled down further to below 200C at which most of the air liquefies
        
        The liquid air pumped into a fractional column where it is gradually allowed to warm. They turn into gases, which rise and condense in different fractions according to their boiling points.
        
        The gases are collected separately before being stored in tanks and cylinders ready for use.
  - - - Catalytic converters
        
        The following reactions naturally occur to convert toxic pollutants into less toxic ones
        but at extremely slow rates: 2CO + O2 --> 2CO2 2NO + 2CO --> N2 + 2CO2
        The catalyst in the converter in the exhaust system speeds up these reactions.
        Instead of the reactions taking place in the atmosphere at a slow rate the catalytic converter ensures these reactions take place before gases leave the exhaust.
      - Presence in car engines
        
        The main source of nitrogen oxide is from internal combustion engines. It is NOT the fuel in the engine that creates the oxides, instead the high temperatures generated by the engine that allow the normally unreactive nitrogen and oxygen to react in the atmosphere.
- - - - Chlorination
      - filtration
  - - - Irrigation
        
        food shortages
        
        famine
      - Drinking water
        
        Prices for drinking water will begin to increase, causing people to start drinking unpurified water, leading to diseases
- - - - plants need nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in order to grow well, but can’t absorb it as a pure element- it must be a soluble salt (dissolved in water) that the roots can absorb
  - - - If an ammonium salt is reacted with a strong base, ammonia will be produced along with water and a salt
      - Example:
        
        NH4Cl(aq) + NaOH(aq) -> NH3(g) + H2O(l) +NaCl(aq)