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Upper Extremity - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Ulnar head O: coronoid process; humeral head O: medial epicondyle of humerus
      - I: middle of lateral surface of radius
      - Innervated by median nerve
      - A: pronation and flexes forearm at elbow
    - - O: medial epicondyle of humerus
      - I: volar aspect, base of 2nd and 3rd proximal phalanx
      - Innervated by median nerve
      - A: flexes and abducts hand (radial deviation)
    - - O: medial epicondyle of humerus
      - I: distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis
      - Innervated by median nerve
      - A: flexes hand (at wrist)
    - - ulnar head O: olecranon and posterior border of ulnar; humeral head O: medial epicondyle of humerus
      - I: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th MC
      - Innervated by ulnar nerve
      - A: flexes wrist; hand adduction (ulnar deviation)
    - - humero-ulnar head O: medial epicondyle; radial head O: superior half of anterior border
      - I: shafts of middle phalanges of medial four digits
      - Innervated by median nerve
      - A: flexes middle phalanx at PIP jt of middle four digits, also flexes proximal phalanges at MCP joint
    - - O: proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
      - medial I: bases of distal phalanx of digits 4 and 5; lateral I: bases of distal phalanx of digits 2 and 3
      - Innervated by ulnar nerve (digits 2 and 3) and anterior interosseous nerve (digits 4 and 5)
      - A: flexes digial phalanx at the DIP joints
    - - O: anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
      - I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
      - Innervated by anterior interosseous nerve
      - A: flexes 1st digit (thumb)
    - - O: distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna
      - I: distal quarter of anterior surface of radius
      - Innervated by anterior interosseous nerve
      - A: pronates forearm, deep fibers bind radius and ulna together
  - - - O: prox 2/3 of supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
      - I: lateral surface of dorsal end of radius proximal to styloid process
      - Innervated by radial nerve
      - A: relatively weak flexion of forearm, maximal when forearm is in midpronated position
    - - O: lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
      - I: dorsal aspect of base of 2nd MC
      - Innervated by radial nerve
      - A: extend and abduct hand at wrist joint, active during fist clenching
    - - O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
      - I: dorsal aspect of base of 3rd MC
      - Innervated by posterior interosseous nerve
      - A: extend and abduct hand at wrist joint
    - - O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
      - I: extensor expansion of medial 4 digits
      - Innervated by posterior interosseous nerve
      - A: extends medial four digits at MCP joints, secondarily at IP joint
    - - O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
      - I: extensor expansion of 5th digit
      - Innervated by posterior interosseous nerve
      - A: extends 5th digit at MCP joint, secondarily at IP jt
    - - O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior border of ula via shared aponeurosis
      - I: dorsal aspect of base of 5th MC
      - Innervated by posterior interosseous nerve
      - A: extends at wrist and ulnar deviation
    - - O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna
      - I: lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius
      - Innervated by posterior interosseous nerve
      - A: supinates forearm, rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly
    - - O: posterior surface of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
      - I: extensor expansion of 2nd digit
      - Innervated by posterior interosseous nerve
      - A: extends 2nd digit (independent extension), helps extend hand at wrist
    - - O: posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
      - I: base of 1st MC
      - Innervated by posterior interosseous membrane
      - A: abduct thumb and extends it at CMC joint
    - - O: posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane
      - I: dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
      - Innervated by posterior interosseous membrane
      - A: extends distal phalanx of thumb at IP joint, extends MCP and CMC joints
    - - O: posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane
      - I: dorsal aspect of base of prox phalanx of thumb
      - Innervated by posterior interosseous nerve
      - A: extend proximal phalanx at MCP joint, extends CMC joint
- - - - Most important supinator with flexed elbow
      - Long head O: supraglenoid tubercle; short head O: coroacoid process
      - Distal attachment: radial tuberosity of radius
      - Innervated by Musculocutaneous nerve
    - - Pierced by musculocutaneous nerve
      - O: coracoid process
      - I: medial shaft of humerus
      - Innervated by musculocutaneous nerve
      - Helps to flex and adduct arm; resists dislocation
    - - O: antero/lateral shaft of humerus
      - I: coronoid process of ulna
      - Innervated by both musculocutaneous (little bit of radial nerve - distal and lateral fibers)
      - Main flexor of the forearm
  - - - Long head O: infraglenoid tubercle
      - Medial/lateral head O: mid prox humeral shaft
      - Common insertion: tendon at olecranon
      - Innervated by radial nerve
      - Assists in extension of arm and resists dislocation
    - - O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
      - I: lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of posterior ulna
      - Innervated by radial nerve
      - Assists in elbow extension, stabilizes forearm, may abduct ulna during pronation