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URINARY FUNCTION AND FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES, uti, image - Coggle Diagram
URINARY FUNCTION AND FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES
Signs and Symptoms of urinary disorders
Nausea
Lethargy
Change in behaviour
Irregular heartbeat
Seizures
Muscle weakness
Confusion
Weakness and Thirst
Weight changes
Abdominal cramping
Skin turgor and changes
Cloudy urine
Frequent urination
Hematuria (Bloody or pink-coloured urine)
Hypovolemia
Symptoms
Fatigue/ Lethargy
Decreased blood pressure
Weight loss
Increased RR , Increased PR
HTN
Dry mucous membranes
Weakness/ thirst
Causes
Diuretics
Diarrhea and Vomiting
Bleeding
Inadequate fluid intake
Complications
Reduced BP
Hypovolemic shock if too much blood volume is lost
Diagnosis
Clinical Assessment
Medical history
Vital signs
History of vomiting, Diarrhea and Urine output
Labs
Urinanlysis
BUN
Creatinine
Urine cytoology
Potassium - Normal values are 3.5-4.5;
Sodium
Uric acid
Bladder Scan
Renal scan
Biopsy
Ultrasound
Serum electrolyte
Treatments
Fluid Intake Regulations
Mineral supplements
Healthy diet
Surgery
IV fluid and electrolyte therapy.
Isotonic , Hypotonic , and Hypertonic solutions , Plasma expanders and IV additives
Dialysis
Kidney transplant.
Renal Replacement therapy
Clinical manifestatons
Acid -Base Imbalances : Respiratory acidosis, Respiratory Alkalosis, Metabolic Acidosis, Metabolic Alkalosis
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Vomiting , Diarrhea, Perspiration, muscle weakness, anorexia, monitor cardiac status, potassium supplements
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypermagnesemia : Hypertension , facial flushing, lethargy, fluids to promote urine excretion
Hypomagnesemia : chronic alcoholism, fluid loss from GI tract , diuretics , confusion , vertigo, increase intake of MG
Over-hydration: weight gain, mioist mucus membranes , bounding pulse., Increased BP , mental confusion , peripheral edema
Pathophysiology of Electrolyte Imbalances
Weight
Dehydration
Kidney Defect
Eating disorders
Vomiting and Diarrhea
Diabetes
Heart failure in older patients
Structural changes of kidneys-inability to conserve water
Urinary System Abnormalities
Anuria
Hematuria
Dysuria
Nocturia.
Polyuria
Retention
Stress Incontinence
Urgency
Oliguria
Enuresis
Nursing Management for hypovolemia and hypervolemia
I &O
Monitor CV changes
Assess for respiratory changes
Daily weight
Skin assessment
Skin turgor
Neurological
Urinary disorders
Immunological Disorders of the Kidney: Glomerulo-Nephritis, Goodpastures Syndrome, Nephrotic Syndrome
Obstructive Uropathies: Urinary Tract Claculi, Renal Calculi , strictures,
Infectious and Inflammatory disorders of the urinary system: UTI, Acute Pyelonephritis, Chronic Pyelonephritis, Urethritis, Urethral Diverticulai, Interstitial Cystitis,
Renal Trauma
Renal Vascular Problems: Nephrosclerosis, Renal stenosis, Renal vein thrombosis.
Hereditary Renal Disease: Polycystic kidney disease, Medullary cystic disease
Cancer
Chronic kidney disease
End Stage Renal Disease
Presenter: Fatimat Oyekunle , Researcher: Stacey Grice , Olubode Olatoyosi Akin-Oladosu , Facilitator: Samantha Mcallian , Co-Facilatitor : Sara Sharpe
Concept Map Creator : Cyndal Janzen
