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Civics and Citizenship 2021 - Coggle Diagram
Civics and Citizenship 2021
Key Concepts
Democracy
A system of government run by people, for the people
Representative democracy
Representatives are elected to represent the people and make laws on their behalf
Democratic Values
Are the beliefs and ideas that are held by our society as a democracy
Respect
Equality
Fairness
Freedom
The Westminster System
A parliament system consisting of two chambers/houses that is elected by the people to make laws on their behalf
Sovereign
Head of state which is the final law approval
Justice
People should treat others fair and balanced
WA and Australias' legal systems designed to deliver justice to all
Right to fair trial
Legal Representation
Unbias trials
Participation
Good citizens contribute or take part in society through activities such as voting in an election or referendum, serving duty, pay taxes
Voting is compulsory and vital
Rights and Responsibilities
Rights
Protection against discrimination
Trial by jury
Responsibilities
Pay taxes
Jury Service
Key Features of Australia's System of Government
Principles of Australia's System of Government
Governments must protect the rights and freedoms of the individuals
Liberal Democracy
Governments must make laws that reflect the views and values of the people
Representative Government
Governments must be accountable to the people
Responsible Government
There must be no separation of powers
No single group or body within our parliamentary system has power both the political and legal systems
Not abuse or make laws beyond their powers
Separation of Powers
Legislative
House of Representatives
Also known of the lower house
Determines the house of the day
Discusses, debates and scrutinizes for creating and changing commonwealth laws
150 members
Senate
Also known as the upper house
Represents all the states interests
Initiates, discusses and reviews new laws
76 members
Executive
Governor-General
Also known as The Crown
Gives government approval on behalf of the queen
Preforms ceremonial duties
Can call for a new federal election
Prime minister and senior ministers
Government departments
Administers or implements laws
Judiciary
High-count
Other federal courts
Applies and interprets laws
Enforces the law and settles disputes
Australia vs Indonesia Government
Indonesia
History
Dr Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, in 2004, was the first directly elected president
The Dutch ruled Indonesia up until 1942 Japanese invasion
3 Levels of government
National
Laws apply to entire nation
Provincial
Laws apply to entire province
District
Laws apply to entire regency
Type of Government
Republic democracy
Run by people for the people
Have no head of state
Structure of National Parliament
Peoples Representative Council
560 members
Regional Representative Council
132 members
Australia
History
In 1788 the British arrived
Formed many colonies that eventual united together January 1st 1901 in Federation
Type of Government
Representative democracy
Government is run by the people, for the people
The Queen is our head of state
3 levels of government
Federal
Power to make laws that apply to entire country
Currency
Prime minister
State
Power to make laws that apply to entire state
Schools
Premier
Local
Responsible for services in local area
Rubbish
Mayor
Structure of national parliament
Bicameral System
House of Representatives
151 members
Senate
76 members
The English Monarch
Represented by Governor General
Both have the same separation of powers
Legislative
Power to make and change laws
Executive
Power to implement law
Judiciary
Power to apply law
Threats to Australia's Democratic system
Corruption Perceptions Index
Ranks countries by "perceived levels of public sector corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys"
Defines corruption as "abuse of entrusted power for private gain"
The higher the score given the less corruption
Media bias and voting
Democratic system relies on individuals being able to make an informed decisions about which political party would make laws best reflecting views
Voters gain info from media
It's essential for media to present impartial and unbiased information leading up to elections
Influence of those with vested interested
Wealthy and rich individuals/large corporations
Donate to political parties that benefit their interests
Disproportionate amount of influence over government
Examples
Charles Bass
Co-founder of a large mining company
Donated $200,000 to liberals
Philip Morris
Tabaco company
Donated to liberals because of Tabaco packaging
Organized Crime
Criminal groups and networks that undertake very carefully planned criminal activities
Threatens national security and safety of citizens
Costs economy $15 million per year
Drug trafficking
Trafficking of weapons
Human Trafficking
Corruption
Immoral abuse of power
For personal gain
Factor that threatens democracies all around the world
Australia is viewed as one of the least corrupt public or government sectors 12
Over last 5 years ranking has dropped
Due to increase in corruption, bribery and fruad
Lawlessness
Associated with gangs who act in an unruly and sometimes violent manner with no regard for law
Increased no. of gangs over recent year
Involved in street violence, vandalism and organized crime
Risk to public safety
Safeguards to Australia's Democracy
People elect the government
Each state, territory and federal parliament is elected by the people
Compulsory voting
Means government is supported by majority of the people
Governments uphold our shared values
Main feature of democracy is our parliament makes and enforced laws which protect our shared values
Laws protect our right to;
A fair trial
Basic healthcare
Basic education
life and security
The right to dissent
Individuals have the right to oppose or disagree with views held by the government
Freedom of speech and freedom of assembly allow society to protest without fear of punishment
Process to resolve differences
In order to keep peace, processes are in place to help resolve group or individual differences
In formal settings or informal domestic settings
Negational
Parties get together on their own to discuss key issues in dispute
Meditation
The two parties meet with a third, uninvolved, party who helps to reach a mutual resolution
Reconciliation
Forgiveness is shared among the two parties
United Nations (UN)
Organization that promotes international cooperation
Brings all nations of the world together
Focuses on human rights and international justice
General Assembly
Members of nations meet, discuss issues and problems of global importance
Was created in 1945
Commitments
International peace and security
Friendship between countries
Promote rights and freedoms
Provide central points where nations are able to come together
Nations work together
Support poor people
Reduce hunger and disease
Type of work of the UN
Provides food to 90 Million people, 75 countries
Vaccinates 58% children, which saves 2.5 million lives per year
34 millions refugees assisted
Climate change, works with 140 nations prevents prevents harmful emissions
Fights poverty, helping 370 million rural poor and help then have better lives
Protects human rights
Mobilized $12.5 billion humanitarian aid affected by emergencies
Australia's role
One of the first 51 countires
Australia not a powerful nation
Allows Australia to have a voice
Australia can now protect its own economic and security interests
Social Issue - Gender Inequality
Gender inequality is a socially constructed concept in which we treat people differently based on their gender
Gender inequality is caused through the idea that gender is equal to humanity value
Gender inequality impacts mental health
A solution in place is advancing women's economic empowerment
Its suggested that removing gendered language from jobs will help minimize the problem
Australia's international responsibilities
Human Rights
Entitlements that all human beings posses regards of their nationality
Place of residence, colour
Declarations
All people are born equal, everyone has right to life
Peacekeeping
Maintaining peace and security in a region
Protecting civilians
Inactive military, navy, police, or fire-fighters
Overseeing elections
Disarming those in fighting
Controlling and disposing weapons
Protecting and promoting human rights
Restoring rule of law to a region
Legal institutions including the government, police, courts and prisoning
Basic Principles
Concept of parties
Impartially and use of force as a measure of last resort
Instructed by the UN to ‘use all
necessary means’ to protect civilians under attack
Foreign aid
Assistance in form of money, skills or other resources
Immediate regions receive more assistance
Help alleviate poverty and assist with increasing countries standards of living by providing schools, roads and water
Stopping spread of disease
Environment
Climate change
Australia has national and international responsibility
Reduce greenhouse emissions
