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Civics & Citizenship - Coggle Diagram
Civics & Citizenship
6 Key Concepts
Democracy
A system of government run by the people for the people
People have the power to determine how they will be ruled or managed.
Justice
People should each other in a manner that is fair and balanced for all.
Democratic Values
Democratic values are the beliefs and ideas that are held by our society as a democracy.
Participation
Good citizens contribute or take part in society through activities such as voting in an election or referendum, serving on a jury, or paying taxes.
Westminster - System
A parliament system consisting of two chambers or houses, that is elected by the people to make laws on their benefits.
Rights & Responsibilities
Refers to our entitlements and duties and duties as citizens.
Laws
Common Law
Made in parliament by the Federal parliament
Made when someone break the law and there isn't a punishment to cover it.
Statutory Law
Made in parliament
Its a law that are made by judges to cover a law that's illegal
Process:
1st reading
2nd reading
3rd reading
Senate
Governor - General
Civil Law
Civil law protects individuals
Type of civil disputes:
Family - disputes can occur when deciding who will have custody of children after a divorce.
Contract - disputes can happen over contract to buy a house
Tort - Defamation, nuisance, trespass, negligence
Tort Law
Defamation
Nuisance
Trespass
Negligence
Criminal Law
Criminal law refers to the group of laws that have been put in place to protect us from harm
Simple offences - Less serious offences
Dealt quickly by the court or police
Indictable offence - Serious offences
Must go through court and will be punished more severely.
Court System In Australia
High court
Comprises Chief Justice and six other judges
Cases may be heard by three, five or all seven judges (full bench)
Rulings by majority decision; they are binding
Has jurisdiction for all cases involving the federal government
Hears appeals of supreme and federal courts
Only court that can interpret the constitution
Commonwealth Courts / Federal Court of Australia
Hears cases under federal laws ( e.g. industrial relations, bankruptcy, taxation)
Holds court session in all capitals cities and some town
HAs a Chief Justice (and sometimes other judges)
Hears appeals from lower courts
:
Family Court of Australia
Federal Circuit Court of Australia
State and Territory Courts / Supreme Courts
Hear most serious criminal cases (e.g. murder) and most complex civil cases
Highest court in each state and territory
Hear appeals from magistrates and country courts
Intermediate Courts / District Courts
Hear more serious criminal cases and complex civil cases
Judge hears and decides civil cases
Judge and jury for criminal cases; judge decides sentence
Hear appeals from magistrates courts
Lower Courts / Magistrates Courts
Hear minor civil, family law and criminal cases(e.g. small property claims, drink driving, domestic violence)
No jury
Magistrate hears and decides
Also known as a summary proceeding
How law is made
House of Representatives
1st reading
The bill is introduced to the House of Representatives only the title is read
2nd reading
Members debate and vote on the main ideas of the bill
3rd reading
Have some more time to consider and will be voted again
The Senate
The Governor - General
Bill is passed by both houses and the bill will get a royal assent
Freedoms in Australia
Freedom of Assembly
Refers to the right to peacefully gather or meet in public or private places. e.g.
protesting
Bound of laws:
Preventing traffic congestion or prohibiting interference with nearby activities.
Freedom of Religion
The right to believe in or practice whatever religion you want e.g.
belief about Muslim
Bounds of law:
Criminal law
Freedom of Association
Refers to the right to peacefully form or join a group, club or organisation without being stopped. e.g.
social groups
sporting groups
political groups
religion groups
Bound of law:
Restrict the association of certain classes, groups or organisations of persons who are involved, or likely to be involved, in crime.
Freedom of Movement
Refers to a citizen's ability to freely move between states or regions within their own country e.g.
You can go to an other country and come back without interference from the government
Bounds of laws:
Criminal law - you can't go back if you are a criminal
Freedom of Speech
Refers to our rights to express information, opinions and beliefs without fear of the government preventing us or punishing us for it. e.g. expressing ourselves ( speaking, write a form, artworks/cartoons )
Bound of law:
Obscenity and sedition, defamation, blasphemy, incitement, and passing off.
Black Lives Matter ( BLM )
Cause:
BLM was cause by demanding justice for George Floyd and other black people.
Impacts:
Lots of violence:
injuries
lighting fires
destroying properties
police firing tear gas & other projectiles
Solutions to resolve BLM:
Supporting them
Helping them
Care
Be equal
Protesting ( peaceful manner )
Demanding justice
Presentation
PowerPoint
Posters
Australian Identity
To an Australian being Australian is about being part of the community.
