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Chain of Infection - Coggle Diagram
Chain of Infection
Mode of Transmission
The process by which an organism spreads from one carrier to another, either directly (through direct contact between the infectious host and the vulnerable host) or indirectly (by an intermediate carrier like as an ambient surface or a piece of medical equipment).
Examples of direct contact include:
Skin-to-Skin contact (like touching)
Kissing
Sexual contact
Contact with oral secretions
Contact with body lesions
Examples of droplet contact include:
Inhaling droplets
Droplets entering the mucous membranes of the face
A host touching droplets that have settled on surfaces and then touching their face (mouth, eyes, nose).
Examples of blood-borne pathogens include:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Hepatitis-B Virus
Hepatitis-C Virus
Examples of Air-born contact include:
An example of an airborne illness is measles. Measles can remain suspended in the air for up to 18 hours after the infected individual coughs, sneezes, or talks.
Tuberculosis can remain suspended for up to six hours.
Vectors
Mosquito: West Nile Virus
Fleas: Bubonic Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Ticks: Lyme Disease ( Borrelia burgdorferi )
Infectious Agent
Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi are examples of microorganisms that can cause disease. The organism's ability to multiply and develop, invasiveness (ability to enter tissue), and pathogenicity are all factors that contribute to infection (ability to cause disease).
Tenants
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
Portal of Exit
The respiratory route (nose, mouth), digestive tract (rectum), urinary tract, or blood and other bodily fluids are all examples of places where the organism departs the reservoir.
Exit doors
Alimentary: vomiting, diarrhea, saliva
Genitourinary: sexual contact
Respiratory: secretions from coughing, sneezing, or talking
Skin: open wounds
Reservoir
Food, water, toilet seats, elevator buttons, human feces, and respiratory secretions are examples of places where microorganisms live, grow, and multiply.
House
Humans :Symptomatic infection and asymptomatic carriers.
Animals or insects:
Lyme disease (ticks)
Rabies (animals)
Salmonella (raw meats, eggs, and dairy)
Environment
Portal of Entry
Mucus membranes, open wounds, or tubes put in bodily cavities such as urinary catheters or feeding tubes are all places where an infectious disease can infiltrate the host's body.
Entry door
Inhalation (via the respiratory tract)
Absorption (via mucous membranes such as the eyes)
Ingestion (via the gastrointestinal tract)
Inoculation (as the result of an inoculation injury)
Introduction (via the insertion of medical devices)
Susceptible Host
The person who is at risk of contracting the disease and becoming infected. Age (young and old persons are more at risk), underlying chronic diseases like diabetes or asthma, conditions that weaken the immune system like HIV, certain drugs, invasive equipment like feeding tubes, and malnutrition are all variables that make a person more susceptible to disease.
Easy tenants
Age: The very young or very old are usually more susceptible.
Health status: Malnourished, dehydrated, or otherwise unhealthy persons are more at risk
Medication usage: Immune suppressing drugs allow pathogens to take hold more freely
General resistance factors: Intact mucous membranes and skin, and robust cough and sneeze reflexes help defend against invading pathogens