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THE SPANISH CONQUEST - Coggle Diagram

- - - - In Portugal, Columbus married Doña Felipa Muñiz de Palestrello, daughter of Don Bernardo, a famous sailor and governor of Porto Santo. When he died, Cristóbal reviewed his father-in-law's notes with interest.
        
        After the death of Doña Felipa and the Portuguese crown ignoring his project, in 1484, Columbus moved to Spain. He entrusts his brother Bartholomew with the task of offering it to Henry VII, King of England.
        
        The death of Doña Felipa and the Portuguese crown ignoring his project, in 1484, Columbus moved to Spain. He entrusts his brother Bartholomew with the task of offering it to Henry VII.
        
        To start the project, the port of Palos was chosen, which had the obligation to supply the crown with the use of two ships. Thanks to the efforts of the brothers Martín Alonso and Vicente Yánez Pinzón, it was possible to gather the necessary crew (120 men) for the three ships that made up the fleet: "the girl", "the pint" and the flagship, "the holy Mary".
        In the early hours of Friday, August 3, 1492, the journey that would change the history of the world began.
        After 36 days in the immensity of the ocean, at dawn on Friday, October 12, 1492, a crew member of "La Pinta", named Rodrigo Sánchez de Triana, gave the expected cry of "land!". It is believed that the first lands visited by the Spanish were the islands that the natives called Guanahaní (the current Watling), which Columbus baptized as San Salvador.
        On his second voyage, with a fleet of 1,500 men, he set sail from the port of Caliz in September 1493, where he managed to explore several islands in the Antilles, including Jamaica.
        On his third trip, Columbus reaches the island of Trinidad and the coast of Venezuela, from the Orinoco River.
- - - - Columbus arrives at the Caribaró Bay (current Almirante Bay) on October 6, 1502, continuing towards the Aburemá lagoon (Chiriquí). On October 17, he reaches the shores of Veraguas, where the indigenous people give him several pieces of gold and rumors of magnificent gold mines near the area reach him.
        During his tour of the coasts of Veracruz, Columbus reached the mouth of the Calovébora River, then passed through the mouth of the Chagres River, previously called De los Lagartos, until he reached Puerto Retrete, (which Bastidas had called El Escribano). On November 2, 1502, he reached a bay, which he later baptized with the name of Portobelo.
        
        With the ambition of finding the gold mines of which he had heard about, Columbus returned again to the coasts of Veracruz, arriving on January 6, 1503 at a river that the indigenous people called Quiebra (currently called Belén). On February 24, 1503, Columbus founded what would be the first Spanish settlement on the mainland: Santa María de Belén, leaving his brother Bartolomé in charge of it.
- - - - OJEDA, upon reaching Calamar Bay, initially successfully fought the inhabitants of those territories, pursuing them to the village of Tubarco, where he was defeated. In this confrontation, JUAN DE LA COSA died and the governor himself was on the verge of losing his life.
        Coincidentally at those times, the NICUESA fleet arrived, providing OJEDA with weapons and soldiers, accompanying it on the mission to subdue the indigenous people. Once these were defeated, NICUESA returned to the lands of its jurisdiction in search of Veraguas, while OJEDA went to the Gulf of Urabá to continue the colonization of its governorate, where it founded San Sebastián de Buenavista.
        
        The NICUESA-led expedition was not without its setbacks either. In a storm off the coast of Veracruz, the fleet was divided. To shelter from bad weather, the governor arranged to anchor at the mouth of a river, whose flow, due to the storm, had increased.
        However, when the water level fell, the ship ran aground, breaking apart, except for one boat. NICUESA and the rest of the crew were able to save their lives. The rest of the fleet, under the command of Lieutenant LOPE DE OLANO, had managed to find refuge at the mouth of the Chagres River, called "River of the Lizards".
        
        The hostility of the natives was certain, which caused that the Spaniards were reduced to a precarious situation, since the crops were devastated by them and the supplies of the fleet were exhausted.
- - - - Upon reaching that region they met the chief Cémaco and there was resistance from the indigenous people. The Spanish offered the Virgen de la Antigua, venerated in Seville, that if they were successful in battle, they would give their name to a town. Cémaco was defeated and in September 1510, fulfilling the promise, he would be called Santa María de la Antigua del Darién.
        
        A municipal government was constituted, and the first open town hall on the continent was held, appointing two mayors: Martín Samudio and Vasco Núñez de Balboa, although later Núñez de Balboa was later to be recognized as the sole mayor.
        A municipal government was constituted, and the first open town hall on the continent was held, appointing two mayors: Martín Samudio and Vasco Núñez de Balboa, although later Núñez de Balboa was later to be recognized as the sole mayor.
        
        When Pedrarias Dávila founded the city of Panama in 1519, the city fell into decline, because by order of Pedrarias himself ordered the transfer of the capital of Castilla de Oro to Panama, and of people, livestock and ammunition to the new city. . A few years later, Santa María was abandoned, and in 1524 it was recorded that the city was stormed and burned by the natives.
- - - - On March 1, 1511, the colonists transferred a ship to NICUESA in poor condition and without sufficient supplies and left it at sea. Only 17 people wanted to follow the fate of the Governor of Castilla de Oro. To date, it has not been possible to infer what happened to DIEGO DE NICUESA and his companions in misfortune.
- - - - In this town a fierce and persistent battle was unleashed, of which Torecha was defeated and killed in combat; thus Torecha's men decided to ally with Núñez de Balboa, although a large part of the expedition was exhausted and badly wounded by the combat and many of these decided to rest in Cuarecuá.
        The few who followed Núñez de Balboa went into the Chucunaque river mountain ranges on the 25th, according to reports from the indigenous people at the top of this mountain range the sea could be seen, so Núñez de Balboa went ahead of the rest of the expedition members, and before noon he managed to reach the top and contemplate far on the horizon, the waters of the unknown sea. The emotion was such that the others rushed to show their joy and happiness for the discovery made by Núñez de Balboa.
        The expedition's chaplain, the clergyman Andrés de Vera, managed to sing the Te Deum Laudamus, while the other men erected stone pyramids and tried with their swords, to carve crosses and initials on the bark of the local trees, attesting that in that place this discovery was made; all this happened on September 25, 1513.
- - - - After the expedition led by GIL GONZALEZ DE AVILA reached the Nicaraguan shores, in 1524 PEDRARIAS sent Captain FRANCISCO FERNANDEZ DE CORDOBA to subdue not only the indigenous people, but GONZALEZ DE AVILA himself. Encouraged by his success, FERNANDEZ DE CORDOBA rebelled against Governor PEDRARIAS, who managed to form an expedition made up of the inhabitants of Panama and Nata, with all available weapons.
        In 1526 PEDRARIAS DAVILA arrived in Nicaragua, where he subdued the rebel FRANCISCO FERNANDEZ DE CORDOBA, whom he executed in the public square of León.
        Finally, PEDRO ARIAS DE AVILA, at the age of 91, died on March 6, 1531, in the city of León, Nicaragua.
- - - - Once Panama City was founded in August 1519, LEON X, by means of a Brief "Apostolatum Officium" of December 7, 1520, ordered the transfer of the Headquarters of Santa María de La Antigua, to Panama City.
        The Diocese of Panama continued to be a suffragan of the Metropolitan See of Lima until on April 22, 1836, GREGORIO XVI ordered the transfer of the Panamanian See to the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Bogotá, of which it was suffragan, until 1901, when When the Archdiocese of Cartagena was created, it again changed jurisdiction to the metropolitan of this city.
        Today, the Republic of Panama is constituted as the Ecclesiastical Province of Panama, composed of an archdiocese, five dioceses, a Territorial Prelature and an Apostolic Vicariate.
- - - - On September 15, 1521, King Carlos V by means of a Royal Certificate issued in Burgos, granted the population of Panama the title of City and a coat of arms. Later, by means of a Royal Decree issued in Lisbon on December 3, 1581, Felipe II granted it the title of "Very Noble and Loyal City", in gratitude for the services rendered against rebels to the Crown.
        
        The Governor decided to move to the new cities, the inhabitants and assets of Acla and Santa María de La Antigua. Similarly, it was decided to move the seat of Darien to Panama, which was done by Bishop Fray Vicente Pedraza, as authorized by Pope Leo X, by means of a Brief "Apostolatum Officium" of December 7, 1520.
        
        In 1591, Juan De Texeda and the engineer Bautista Antonelli believed that the city had natural disadvantages, so they recommended its transfer to the banks of the Rio Grande, claiming that the place was unhealthy because all the waters that rain and die there very close, there were some water swamps that, on sunny days, rot and send bad fumes to the city, which causes fever.
- - - - On Pedrarias' orders, Captains Gaspar de Morales and Francisco de Pizarro crossed the South Sea to the islands of Las Perlas, where they defeated Cacique Terarequi. Later, they went to Garachiné, where they continued attacking indigenous groups.
        
        With a force of 200 men, Mr. Gaspar de Espinoza left Santa María de La Antigua in order to subdue the indigenous people who had attacked the Spanish populations founded on the lands of Pocorosa and Tubanamá.
        However, once he learned of the loss of the treasures by Badajoz in the hands of the chief Paris, he went to the latter's lands in order to recover it.
        Espinoza crossed the lands of Comagre to Chimán, causing serious damage to the tribes through which he passed. He continues through Chepo and Panama, continuing his journey to the territories of Natá, whom he defeats. In the same way, he manages to subdue Scoria.
        
        Cacique Urracá managed to make alliances with traditionally enemy tribes, in order to defeat the common enemy. Chiefs such as Ponca, Dures, Duraria, Bulaba, Guisia, Guaniga, Tabor, Guracona, Guanigos, and the great lords of Veracruz, and of other tribes, united under the leadership of this brave chief.
        T he arrival of Ponce De León meant that Urracá would lift the fence. Days later, Pedro Arias De Ávila himself, Governor and Captain General of Castilla de Oro, arrived with new forces.
        In a later encounter, Urracá's forces managed to defeat Captain Diego de Albitres, the latter managing to escape and give an account of everything to the Governor of Castilla de Oro.
        The Spaniards in charge of Francisco de Compañon, devised to capture URRACA, for which, they sent emissaries to their lands in order to propose to the chief to negotiate peace. These conversations would take place in Natá de los Caballeros.
- - - - In the same way, HERNAN PONCE and BARTOLOME HURTADO toured the Chirican lands, founding the town of Fonseca, which did not manage to survive.
        GIL GONZALEZ DE AVILA organized an expedition to the Pearl Island, and reached Nicaragua, while PASCUAL DE ANDAGOYA traveled the eastern coasts to Puerto Piñas and explored the Birú River.
- - - - With an expedition of 280 men, PIZARRO left Panama again in 1531. On this occasion, he managed to reach the lands of the Inca Empire and in less than a year, he managed to dominate all of it.