Civics and Citizenships- Jiya Bisana

6 Key Concepts

Threats to the Australian Legal system

Levels of parliament

Laws

justice

Participation

Democratic values

rights and responsibilities

Democracy

Westminster system

Common laws

Statutory laws- Is made by a bill, in parliament

.

Civil laws

Criminal laws

district

magistrates

supreme

Supreme court of appeal

General Supreme court

High court

corruption

Court delay

coercion

trial by media

Burden of proof

Criminal- Beyond reasonable doubt

Civil- Balance of probabilities

Can be made by a precedent (law made to suit the case)

or an interpretation of a statutory law

Path of a bill

Right to appeal

-Reasonable grounds for appeal- higher court judge will decide if the appeal is granted. Usually because:

-disputing the verdict

-severity of the sentence

-unfairness of trial

Court systems

Independent Judiciary- Ensures we can live in a democratic, just and fair society

Achieved by:

-Separation of powers

-Impartial Judge

-Impartial Jury

-Open Courts

How to make common laws

Types of offeneces