responsibilities include: garbage collection and road work

responsible for issues and matters dealt with in the states individually

responsibilities: hospitals and railway and public transportation

in 1942 after claiming interdependence from the Dutch and Japanese, Indonesia became a republic

in the nation's first direct presidential election in 2004, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was elected as the president

national provincial (similar to federal)

district, also known as "city" (similar to local)

republic: people vote to determine government or head of state, instead of a hereditary monarch, having a president

however as of recently, Indonesia has been leaning towards a more representative democracy, consisting of people voting to elect the parliaments and governments

representatives are elected to make laws on our behalf

the bill able to pass without being approved by both houses

administrating the law is solely done by the president

both of the houses contain more members

the democratic system relies on individuals being able to make informed decisions about which political party would produce laws that best show their views and values

it is therefore essential that the media present impartial and unbiased information especially in the lead-up to an election

concerns that a little proportion of very rich individuals and large corporation have been able to have a disproportionate amount of influence over government policy in Australia by making large donations to political parties who benefit their interests

example: Charles Bass, a co-founder of a large business, donated $200000 to the liberals

refers to criminal groups and networks that undertake very carefully planned criminal procedures

threatens national safety and security of citizens

costs our economy $15 million per year

Australia is seen as having one of the least corrupt public or government sectors in the world, although our ranking has fallen over the last five years because of an increase in corruption

usually associated with gangs who act in unruly and occasionally violent manner with no regard for the law

the corruption perception index is an index which ranks countries by their "perceived levels of public sector corruption" which is determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys.

the CPI overall defines corruption as un "abuse of entrusted power private gain"

all individual state, territory and federal parliament is elected by the people

compulsory voting means our government have the support of majority of the people

main feature of democracy is that our parliament creates and enforces laws that protect our shared values so that all citizens are treated equally

basic healthcare and education

individuals have the rights to oppose or disagree with the views held by the government

freedom of speech and freedom of assembly allow us to protect without fear of punishment

in order to keep peace, processes exist to help groups or individuals resolve their problems or disputes

negotiation (parties getting together and try to communicate the key problems in their disagreements to reach a settlement between them

medication (parties meeting with an independent third party who assists them discuss problems and gain a mutual resolution

reconciliation: processes of renewing a relationship between parties, usually required forgiveness

a social issue that refers to the severe lack of certain resources and the struggle to satisfy basic needs

poverty peaked in 1995, with the numbers of poverty cases being 2.7 times greater than in the 1820s

South Sudan has the highest rate of poverty in the world, with a rate of 82.3 percent

country with least amount of poverty: Turkmenistan

In a recent study in 2020, it showed that unemployment rose to 6.47%

This is caused by the decline in jobs, with a rising statistic of 6.4 percent

The most prominent relationship between poverty and unemployment, is that with the loss of income it increases the amount of poverty

leads to more people in debt, borrowing money to have basic essentials like shelter

Due to the rates of youth unemployment, the chances of poverty in the future are growing. Which is major cause of the poverty cycle

The cycle begins with a child being born into a poor family. Children being born in those families are more likely to experience illnesses, lack of sufficient healthcare and an inadequate education which makes it virtually impossible for them to get out of poverty

. Their kids would then be born into poverty, the cycling continuing for the future generation, leading to the cause and increase of poverty

refers to the misuse of entrusted authority an influence for a private gain

Corruption causes poverty because it twists, diverts, and delays economic growth

Due to corruption diverting scare funds and distorting decisions it denies poor people access to resources to improve their livelihoods and basic social services

This is shown in the fact that Somalia is the world’s most corrupt country and has one of the highest rates of poverty, with a level of 73 percent.

the unethical practice of depriving children of their childhood by exploiting them though employment

Poverty is one of the main causes of child labour because it only happens to the children trapped in the poverty cycle

Child labourers are constantly exposed to abuse, dangerous working conditions, and times life threating situations

Due to poverty 152 million children are enduring hard labour with little pay and are deprived of schooling and gaining basic human skills

one of the main impacts of poverty because many individuals experiencing poverty don’t have the income to possess a sufficient healthcare

Third world countries typically having higher levels of poverty and being less developed are usually vulnerable to more diseases and higher amounts of malnutrition in their population

One of the diseases most caused poverty is Tuberculosis, which is a disease caused by infection

Although Tuberculosis is preventable and curable, many people enduring poverty still experience it because of their lack of income for treatment and they would usually live-in poorer countries which would have higher population with lower living standards, making it easier to catch the disease

The relationship between poverty and the disease is shown in how India has the highest cases of tuberculosis in the world and 68.8 of India’s population is leaving in extreme poverty.

One of the main barriers of people reaching the middle class is the limited amount of affordable education and child-care

by investing in accessible, early education and in high-quality childcare it helps more individuals break out from the poverty cycle

This can be done by investing in corporations such as Child Care and Development Block grant and Head Start which helps supports and encourages developments in preschools and overall education for children.

assisting nations work together to help poor citizens, reduce hunger, disease, and encouraging literacy

supplying a central point where nations can come together

supplies food to 90 million people in 75 countries

supports over 34 million refugees and people fleeing war or famine

helps fight against climate change; works with 140 nations to prevent harmful emissions

Fights poverty, assisting 370 million rural poor achieve better lives

national responsibility to reduce it's greenhouse gas emissions

a member of Kyoto protocol: a binding international agreement aims to reduce emissions

takes part in an international climate change agreement in2015, setting emissions reduction targets for 2020 and beyond

All people are born free and equal.

• Everyone is entitled to the same rights and freedoms.

• No one should be subject to torture or slavery.

• Everyone is equal before the law.

• No one should be subject to randomly being