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CHAPTER 2 COMPUTING COMPONENT - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 2 COMPUTING COMPONENT
MOTHERBOARD
Sometimes called a system board
The main circuit board of the computer
Computer Chip
a small piece of semiconducting material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits are etched
Transistor
an electronic switch that opens or closes the circuit for electrical charges
Most chips are no bigger than one-half-inch square
PROCESSOR
Also called the central processing unit (CPU)
Interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer
Larger Computer
many separate chips and multiple circuit boards
Personal Computer
single chip
microprocessor
Multi-core processor
a single chip with two
or more separate processor cores
Control Unit
the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer
Interprets each instruction issued by a
program or an application and then initiates the appropriate action to carry out the instruction
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
include basic calculations (arithmetic)
involve comparing one data item with another to determine whether the first item is greater than, equal to, or less than the other item (comparison)
Register
temporarily hold data and instructions
part of the processor
storing the location from where an instruction was fetched
storing an instruction while the control unit decodes it
storing data while the ALU calculates it
storing the results of a calculation
System Clock
small quartz crystal circuit
to control the timing of all computer operations
pace of the system clock (clock speed)
one gigahertz (GHz) equals one billion ticks of the system clock per second
other factors, such as the type of processor chip, amount of cache and memory access time
MACHINE CYCLE
(2) Decoding
the process of translating the instruction into signals the computer can execute.
(1) Fetching
the process of obtaining a program or an application instruction or data item from memory
(3) Executing
the process of carrying out the commands.
(4) Storing
writing the result to memory
PROCESSOR COOLING
Heat Sink
small ceramic or metal component with
fins on its surface that absorbs and disperses heat produced by electrical components
Liquid Cooling Technology
uses a continuous flow of fluid(s), such as water and glycol
transfers the heated fluid away from the processor to a
radiator-type grill, which cools the liquid, and then returns the cooled fluid to the processor
Cooling Pad
help further reduce the heat generated by their computer
CLOUD COMPUTING
An environment of servers that house and provide access
to resources users access via the Internet
Home and business users choose cloud computing for a variety of reasons:
accessibility
cost saving
space saving
scalability
The front end includes the hardware and software with which a user interacts to access the cloud
The back end consists of the servers and storage devices that manage and store the resources accessed by users
Cloud Computing Service
Infrastructure as a Service
to emulate hardware capabilities, enabling companies to scale, or adjust up or down, storage, processing power, or bandwidth as needed
Software as a Service
editing documents or photos, sending email messages, and managing finances
a pioneering provider of SaaS applications for companies is Salesforce which offers customer relationship management (CRM) software
Platform as a Service
allows developers to create, test, and run their solutions on a cloud platform without having to purchase or configure the underlying hardware and software
Data as a Service
allows users and applications to access a company’s data
displaying homes or crime statistics on a map are examples of mashups
Infrastructure as a Service
Storage as a Service
offer file management services such as storing files
online, system backup, and archiving earlier versions of files
Desktop as a Service
some companies specify the applications, security settings, and computing resources available to employees on their desktop
computers
Bits and Bytes
0 = off
1 = on
when 8 bits are grouped
together as a unit, they form
a byte.
Binary System
a number system that has just two unique digits, 0 and 1
Bit
short for binary digit
the smallest unit of data the computer can process
CODING SCHEME
Map a set of alphanumeric characters and special symbols to a sequence of numeric values that a computer can process
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange