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How does critical pedagogy reveal and confront the role schooling plays…

- - - - Crystal City, Texas, 1970s, 80s. Mexican-American students not allowed to speak English, curriculum did not reflect their culture
        
        McLaren: Many students do not see themselves in their school curriculum even today
        
        Caused Mexican-Amerrican students to protest and demand their language/cutlure be respected and represented in school
        
        McLaren: Schools are sites of struggle between subordinate groups and dominant ideology
        
        Were successful, but not through traditional channels. Had to become members of the school board to finally enact change
    - - Sink or swim mentality. put non-native speakers at a distinct advantage
      - Push for bilingual education
        
        Elementary and Secondary Education Act
        
        Bilingual Education Act
        
        Bilingual Education
        
        Though bilingual education has made great strides over the last few decades, we still have a long way to go
  - - - Marketplace model
        
        Choice and competition: Idea that if students can change schools, that could put schools at risk of closing down and motivate them to do better
        
        Baltimore schools hired private educational consultants to turn their schools around
        
        Schools made a profit, but scored no better than their peers at other Baltimore schools
        
        The consultants cut teachers' aides and replaced them with interns, cut special education services in half and cut art and music programs.
        
        Moral: Running schools like businesses means people are expendable and exploited. Profit over people.
    - - Test scores used to quantify how well schools are doing
        
        High stakes testing puts lots of pressure on students, teachers, and schools
        
        As with IQ tests, questions can be written in a biased way
    - - Schools could earn extra $ by allowing corporate logos in buildings
        
        SCHOOLS AND CORPORATIONS INCREASINGLY INTERTWINED
        
        Why is this a problem?
        
        Corporations prioritize profit over student interests
        
        Irony: Corporations are people, but don't treat people as people
  - - - Computers and media equipment in schools
        
        Media equipment given in exchange for students watching Channel 1 news and commercials. Nothing is truly free
    - - Under school choice, poor families would have the same opportunities as rich families to choose where their children went to school
        
        Reality is that school choice was extended to relatively few low-income families
        
        Promotes individualism and life-boat mentality: focus on "saving" a few versus the many
        
        1998 Milwaukee: 75% of voucher students had already been enrolled in private schools, but now paid for them with public money
        
        Indicates vouchers not truly going to the neediest families
      - Voucher system
        
        Some success stories, but not all private schools that accepted vouchers had high standards
        
        Inclusion of private religious schools
        
        Loophole for separation of church and state
        
        Private schools can teach what they want, not held to the same standards as public schools
        
        Voucher system takes away from public school funding
        
        How is it determined who gets vouchers and who does not?
        
        Creates system of "haves" and "have nots"
        
        Unlike public schools, private schools not required to serve everyone
        
        Why are private schools receiving public funding instead of that money going to improving public schools?
        
        CLASS SYSTEM OF SCHOOLS
      - 1990s Christian right leads movement to make homeschooling legal
        
        Very little oversight/enforcement regarding what students are being taught
      - Charter schools. More freedom in how they operate, but can vary widely in quality
    - - 1950s: Improvement in educational attainment. 3/5 students graduated and 50% went on to college
        
        STILL MASSIVE INEQUALITY
        
        Women
        
        Not many athletic opportunities available to women and many professional trade schools still closed to female students
        
        1972: Title 9 prohibited federal funds to school districts that discriminated on the basis of gender
        
        Dorothy Raffle lawsuit and women's rights movement in the 70s leads to more opportunities for women
        
        Change only comes from struggle on the part of oppressed groups. Dominant groups don't make changes to status quo willingly
        
        Racially segregated schools
        
        1950s: African Americans still segregated by law in 17 states
        
        1954 Brown vs. Board of Education: Separate facilities are unequal
        
        Reaction: Over 30,000 black teachers in the South were fired and demoted in the name of "integration"
        
        1964 Civil Rights Act
        
        1 more item...
        
        Students with disabilites
        
        72% of disabled children not enrolled in school in 1950s
        
        Improvement since then, but not every school has to provide services for children with disabilities