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Combustible Dust Explosion, Fires, Workplaces and Work Spaces - Confined…

- - - - For the risk of dust explosion to exist, it must be dispersed in the air.
        The fundamental characteristics that quantify then the risk of explosion are:
        
        Minimum explosive concentration.
        
        Minimum ignition temperature.
        
        Minimum oxygen concentration.
        
        Maximum explosion pressure.
        
        Maximum pressure gradient
- - - - A) Limiting the fuel stock.
        ** This can be achieved by
        
        Scheduling periodic cleaning of workstations, cyclones, pipelines, filters, etc.
        
        Correct design of pipelines (aspirations, transport, etc.).
        
        Maintenance that avoids leaks in ducts.
        
        Localized suction at points where dust is generated.
        
        Avoid free fall when filling tanks.
        
        B) Transforming the dust into non-combustible B) Transforming the dust into non-combustible.
        
        Wet dust handling.
        
        Dust inertization.
        
        The use of an inert powder which, when mixed with the combustible powder, makes the mixture non-flammable is a limited
        flammable, is a technique of limited application because it implies contamination of the product.
- - - - The explanation of this chain reaction phenomenon is as follows, depending on whether we explain it in chemical terms or in energetic terms.
        explained in chemical terms or in energetic terms:
        :warning: From the Chemical point of view: **
        The initial fuel molecules combine with the oxygen in the air in a series of successive intermediate reactions.
        a series of successive intermediate reactions (chain reaction), until they reach the final products of combustion.
        :warning: From the energetic point of view.
        All reactions occurring in this field are exothermic (they give off heat).
        (they give off heat), hence the energy given off is sufficient to release other electrons from the fuel atoms and, therefore, the development of the chain reactions.
        of the chain reactions.
- - - - Class B: Includes fires involving liquids or solids which, by the action of heat, turn into liquids and greasy solids: gasoline, oils, paints, greases, etc.
      - Class C: Includes fuel gas fires: propane, butane, city gas;
        etc.
- - - - Cooling.
        It consists of removing heat to reduce the temperature of the fuel. The fire will be extinguished when the surface of the burning material cools down to a point where it does not emit enough vapors to maintain a mixture that initiates or maintains combustion (ignition temperature).
      - Smothering *
        Prevents combustible vapors that are released at a given temperature for each material from coming into contact with oxygen in the air.
        temperature for each material, from coming into contact with the oxygen in the air.
        It can be achieved by displacing the oxygen by means of a certain concentration of inert gas, or by covering the fuel with some substance.
        
        Breakage of the chain reaction.
        It prevents the transmission of heat from one fuel particle to another,
        interposing catalytic elements between them.
        These are chemical compounds, which react with the free radicals, neutralizing them.
        neutralizing them.
- - - - CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROCEDURE.
        1º.- Isolation of the confined space against various risks.
        2º.- Examine the equipment
        3º.- Delimitation of the work area.
        4º.- Checking of the interior atmosphere.
        5.- Recording of the results
        6 .- Opening of the confined space, if any
        7.- Evacuation of gases or vapors. Ventilation
        8.-Test the confined space atmosphere again.
        9.- Record
        10.- Establish a means of escape/rescue.
        
        11.- Enter the confined space and do continuous sampling to ensure that there is not an insufficient or
        that there is not an insufficient or excessive concentration of oxygen or the presence of toxic substances.
        12.- Start work
- - - - Medidas de Información
        La señalización se efectuará mediante:
        • Cintas o banderas de color rojo.
        • Señales de peligro o indicadores de altura máxima.
        • Alumbrado de señalización para trabajos nocturnos.