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Meiosis - Coggle Diagram
Meiosis
Meiosis 2
Prophase 2
- the replicated chromosomes condense, the nuceloli and the nuclear membrane break down and the centrioles of animal cells migrate to opposite poles of the cell
Metaphase 2
- chromosomes align on the equator
- spindle fibres attach to the centromere
Anaphase 2
- spindle fibres shorten and pull sister chromatids apart until they reach opposite poles of the cell
Telophase 2
- nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. Chromosomes decondese
Cytokinesis
the cytoplasm divides as new membranes/ cell walls form and 4 new haploid cells are the final meiosis
Genetic variation
products of meiosis are haploid daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell as the genomes were modified through crossing over and independent assortment
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genetic variation is essential for a population to survive selection pressures including diseases and environmental change.
genetic variation increases the chance that individuals will possess favourable alleles for certain genes that allow them to survive in a changing environment
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Meiosis 1
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Metaphase 1
- the paternal and maternal chromosomes of each homologous pair remain paired and are arranged along the equator of the cell.
- the placement of the paternal and maternal chromosomes to each side is random and called independent assortment
- each chromosome in a pair is attached to one spindle fibre
- independent assortment also produces new combination of genes resulting in genetic variation in the gametes.
Anaphase 1
- Spindle fibres shorten and pull apart the homologous chromosomes (each consisting of 2 sister chromatids)
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Meiosis
- Cell division in germ-line cells.
- The purpose of meiosis us to produce haploid gametes such as sperm and egg cells from diploid germ line cells
- Occurs in two stages called meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 and each consists of four phases called prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase